索 引

3个月前 作者: 格鲁塞
    (下面的页码是指原书页码)


    Aachen[地]亚琛,见Aix-Chapelle


    Abagha[族]阿巴噶部,517


    Abakan[地]阿巴坎草原,558注


    Abakhai[人]阿巴亥(努尔哈赤</a>之子),517,518


    Abaqa[人]阿八哈,296,304,305,333,334—335,366—372,398


    Abares, Abaroi[族]阿瓦尔人,见Avars


    Abatai[人]阿巴台,512


    ''Abbas (the Great)[人]阿拔斯大帝,485


    Abbasids (Baghdad caliphate)[朝]阿拔斯王朝(巴格达哈里发王朝),xxx, 141,147,150,151,158,169,189,237-238,245,261,269,282,312,349,353,354-356,357,359,398


    Abbaswali[人]阿布兹瓦力沙,421


    ''Abd al- ''Aziz[人]阿布阿兹,488


    ''Abd al-Karim[人]阿布都·哈林,500


    ''Abd-Ah[人]阿布都拉(死于1452年),460


    ''Abd-Ah[人]阿不德·阿拉赫(活跃于1750年),541


    ''Abd-Ah II (1557-98)[人]阿不德·阿拉赫二世,485,487


    ''Abdah ibn-Qazghan (Mirza ''Abdah)[人]米儿咱·阿布达拉赫,343,345,409


    ''Abd-Ah Tarkhan-beg[人]阿布杜拉·塔尔汗伯格,531


    ''Abd al-Latif[人]阿不都·拉迪甫(死于1450年),460


    ''Abd al-Latif[人]阿不杜拉迪甫(拉失德的长子)(活跃于1540年),499


    ''Abd al-Malik I,[人]阿布德·阿尔-马立克一世,143


    ''Abd al-Malik II[人]阿不德·阿尔-马立克二世,144


    ''Abd al-Mu''min[人]阿布德·穆明,485,486


    ''Abd ar-Rahman[人]奥鲁剌合蛮,268,271-272


    ''Abd ar-Rashid[人]阿不都·拉失德,499-500


    ''Abd ar-Razzaq[人]阿布德·拉扎克,390


    ''Abd ar-Razzaq Samarqandi Ma''es-sa''dein,[书]《两幸福之会合》作者阿布德·拉扎克·撒马尔干第,459,624注


    Abeskun[地]阿贝什昆,240


    ''Abish-khatun[人]阿必失可敦,366


    Ai (Ai-taiji)[人]阿布赖台吉,522,523,525,526


    Abraham, Mar[人]马·雅巴拉哈,见Mar Abraham


    Abramovka[地]阿布拉莫威卡,4


    Abu ''Ali[人]阿布·阿里,143-144


    Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(1231-60),353,354,359


    Abu Bakr[人]阿布·别克尔(活跃于1298年),335


    Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(活跃于1403年),435,451,456,458


    Abu Bakr[人]阿布·巴克尔(活跃于1460-1514年),494,495,497


    Abu ''l Faiz[人]阿布勒费兹,486


    Abu ''l Fath Muhammad[人]阿布儿·法斯·穆罕默德,588注


    Abu ''l Ghazi,[人]阿布·哥志,486


    Abu ''l Ghazi Bahadur, Shajare-i Turk,[人]阿布哈齐,《突厥世系》,214,252,406,487-488


    Abu ''l Khair[人]阿布海儿,460,479,480-481,489,615注


    Abu ''l Muzaffar Yusuf[人]阿布儿·穆扎菲·玉素甫,588注


    Abu Sa''id[人]不赛因(1317-34年),387,389,396


    Abu Sa''id[人]卜撒因(死于1469年),460-462,463,464,479


    Achaemenids[朝]阿赫门尼德王朝,9,12,13,15,28,545注-546注


    A-chu[人]阿术,286-287


    Acre[地]阿迦,305,349,360,363,364,373


    Adai[人]阿台,505,506


    Adaj[地]阿台,254,392


    Adana[地]阿达纳,370


    Adrianople[地]亚德里亚堡,157,174,184


    Adriatic[地]亚德里亚,267


    Adzai[人]阿占,506


    A?neolithic period[专]铜石并用时期,5


    Aetius[人]埃提乌兹,76


    Afghanistan[地]阿富汗地区(参看伽色尼王朝,古尔王朝,克尔特人),346,409,411,412,414,419,429,456,457,487;参见Ghaznavids;Ghorids;Kerts


    Agni[地]焉耆(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr


    A-ha-ma[人]阿哈马·费纳客忒,见Ahmed (1486/87-1503);Ahmed Fenaketi


    Ahmed[人]阿黑马德(活跃于1089年),147,153


    Ahmed[人]帖古迭儿(活跃于1282年),见Tekuder


    Ahmed[人]阿合木(活跃于约1387年),431,432,433


    Ahmed[人]阿黑麻(活跃于1460-81年),470-471,489


    Ahmed[人]阿黑麻(1469-94),463,464,494


    Ahmed[人]阿赫麦德(A-ha-ma;1486/87-1503),482,495,496


    Ahmed (the Durrani)[人]阿黑麻,488


    Ahmed al-Khalidi[人]阿赫麦德·哈里迪,377


    Ahmed Fenaketi (A-ha-ma)[人]阿合马·费纳客忒,297,601注


    Ahmed Jir ibn-Uweis[人]阿合木·札剌儿·伊本·乌畏思,390,429,430,433,434,435,437,447,450,456


    Ahmed-khoja[人]阿哈玛特和卓,528


    Ahmed Razi[人]阿哈木拉齐,500


    Ahura-Mazda[宗](阿乌兹达神)阿胡拉马兹达神,见Ormazd


    Aibeg[人]艾伯格,348-349


    Ai-buqa[人]爱不花,301,302,303,599注


    Ah[地]伊犁河,见Ili


    ''Ain Jalud[地]艾因贾卢特,364,398,446


    ''Aintab[地]加济安特普,447


    Ai-sie[人]爱薜(伊萨),见''Is?


    Ai t?ngrid? qut bulmysh alp bilg?[人]爱登里啰汨没蜜施合毗伽可汗,122


    Aix-Chapelle (Aachen)[地]埃克斯-拉-夏佩勒,175


    Ajanta[文]阿旃陀,51,52,96


    ''Ajlun[地]阿杰伦,363


    Akcay[地]阿克恰伊,623注


    Akhshunwar (Akhshunwaz)[人]阿克希瓦,68


    Akhsi[地]阿赫昔,482,496


    Akhtanizovka[地]阿赫坦尼诺夫卡,16


    Akhtuba[地]阿赫图巴,442


    Akmolinsk[地]阿克摩棱斯克,254,392


    Aksaray[地]阿克萨赖,350,359


    Aksehir[地]阿克谢希尔,382,451


    Aksu (river)[地]阿克苏河,369,398


    Aksu[地]阿克苏城(参看姑墨,拨换城),40,43,44,46,47,95,101,114,344,422,426,460,461,482,493,494,496,497,498,500,537,538,541


    Aktyubinsk[地]阿克纠宾斯克,254,394,440,460,478,480


    A-ku-ta[人]阿骨打,134,136,515-516


    '' ad-Din[人]阿拉丁(火炮手,工程师)(活跃于1272年),287


    '' ad-Din[人](苏丹)阿拉丁(活跃于1390年),452,623注


    '' ad-Din (Tarmashirin;约1326-33年)[人]答儿麻失黑,341,387


    '' ad-Din Juvaini[人]志费尼,见Juvaini


    '' ad-Din Kai-Qobad (Kaybobad)I[人]凯库巴德一世,261


    '' ad-Din Khilji[人]阿拉丁·哈勒吉,339,443


    '' ad-Din Muhammad (Muhammad of Khwarizm)[人]摩诃末,167-169,234,236-240,244,245,418,589注


    ghai-b?ki[人]阿剌该别吉,227,301


    i[地]阿赖山,41


    ka[人]阿剌加(迪杰拉克),见Jak


    -Kul[地]阿拉湖,424


    Al''altun (Altun-b?ki)[人]阿勒屯别吉,234,330


    mut[地]阿剌模忒,354,364


    “An[地]阿兰塞,”210


    n-qo''a[人]阿兰豁阿,193


    ns (As; Asod)[族]阿兰人(阿速人),29,72,73,74,75,78,172,246,265,281,304,402,442,503,504,505,552注,559注;参见Asianoi;Asioi


    qmaq[地]阿拉喀马克,272,273,394


    qush-tigin[人]阿剌忽失的斤,213,227,250,301


    shan[地]阿拉善,xxii,55,132,226,247


    tagh[地]阿拉塔黑,359


    -Tau,[地]阿拉套,xxiii,272,423


    Alba-Iulia[地]阿尔巴尤利亚,267


    Albatu[专]部属,530-531


    Albistan[地]阿尔比斯坦,370


    Alchidai (Alchidai-noyan)[人]阿勒赤歹,210,215-216


    Alchi Tatar[族]按赤塔塔儿部,208


    Alchun[族]金人,见Kin


    Aleksandrov[地]亚历山德罗夫,246


    Aleppo[地]阿勒颇,152,154,155,349,360,361,362,365,371,382,398,447


    Alexander (mountains)[地]亚历山大山,见Krighiz


    Alexander Nevsky[人]亚历山大·涅维斯基,395


    Alexandretta[地]亚历山大里塔,155


    Alexandria[地]亚历山大里亚,398,533


    Alexandropol[地]亚历山大堡,10,16


    Alexius Comnenus[人]阿历克塞·科蒙勒努斯,184


    Alghu (Alughu)[人]阿鲁忽,286,331-332,336,397,420


    ''Alim[人]爱里木汗,488


    Alima[人]爱里马丞相,629注


    ''Ali Mu''ayyad[人]阿里·穆雅德,428


    Alinjaq[地]阿林加克,434


    ''Ali Shir[人]察儿·阿里·失儿·纳瓦依,见Mir ''Ali Shir Newa''i


    ''Ali-tigin[人]阿里特勤,146,149


    Aljigidai[人]晏只吉带,242


    Alma-Ata (Verny)[地]阿拉木图(韦尔内),422


    ''Ali (Of Astrakhan; 活跃于1516年)[人](阿斯特拉罕的)阿里,473,475


    ''Ali (Ha-li;活跃于1473年)[人]阿力,494,627注


    ''Ali (of Kipchak; 活跃于1501年)[人](钦察汗)阿里,471


    ''Ali (of Meshed; 死于约1513年)[人](麦什德的)速勒坦·阿里,见Sultan ''Ali


    ''Ali (of Samarkand; 活跃于1498)[人](撒麻耳干的)阿里,464,481


    ''Ali (son-inw of the Prophet)[人](先知的女婿)阿里,447,448


    ''Ali beg[人]阿里别克,428


    Almalik[地]阿力麻里,234,235-236,238,244,282,292,305,312,319,326,331,341,342,353,400


    Alp Arn ibn Chagri-beg[人]阿尔普·阿尔斯兰·伊本·查基尔拜格,147,152,184


    Alp Qutlugh (Ho Ko-tu-lu)[人]阿尔普·骨咄禄(合骨咄禄),121,122


    Alptigin[人]阿尔普特勤,143


    Alquib''a[地]阿勒忽不剌,207


    Altai (Altun)[地]阿尔泰山,xxi, xxiii,xxiv-xxv,xxvi,14,18,19,25,39,81,83,93,109,114,189,208,214,215,222,234,235,280,338,424,479,508,540


    Altaguages[文]阿尔泰语系(参看蒙古语、通古斯语、突厥语),xxv,189,544注;参见Mongolnguage; Tungusnguages; Turkguage


    Altai-Su[地]阿尔泰河,214


    Altan (Altan-ochigin)[人]阿勒坦(阿勒坦·斡赤斤),198,202,208,209,211,212,581注


    Altan-khan (khanate)[朝]阿勒坦汗国,见Altynkhan (khanate)


    Altan-khan (person; Yen-ta)[人]阿勒坦汗(俺答),510,513-514,520,539,540,587注


    Altan-ordo[朝]金帐汗国(阿尔坦斡耳朵),见Golden Horde


    Altan uruk(imperial or golden n)[族]黄金氏族,217,221


    Alti-shahr[地]阿尔蒂沙尔(喀什噶尔),见Kashgaria


    Altun[地]阿尔泰山,见Altai


    Altun-b?ki[人]阿勒屯别吉,见Al''altun


    Altun-ordu[朝]金帐汗国(阿尔浑斡耳朵),见Golden Horde


    Altyn-khan (khanate)[朝]阿勒坦汗国,512


    Altyn-khan (person)[人]硕垒乌巴什洪台吉,见Shului Ubasha khongtaiji


    Alughu[人]阿鲁忽,见Alghu


    A-lu-t''ai[人]阿鲁台,见Aruqtai


    Aman(clemency)[专]阿门(宽恕),434


    Amankoh (Ishkalcha)[地]阿曼科赫堡(伊斯卡察),386,427


    Amasanji (Amasanji-taiji)[人]阿马桑赤台吉,493,507,508


    Amaterasu[专](日)天照大神,134


    Ambaqai[人]俺巴孩,198,200,228


    Amid[地]阿米德(迪亚巴克尔),见Diyarbakir


    Ammianus Marcellinus[人]阿米安努斯·马尔克里努斯,74-75,190


    Amroha[地]阿姆罗赫,339


    ''Amr ibn el-Laith[人]阿马尔·伊本·埃-勒斯,142


    Amu Darya (Oxus)[地]阿姆河(亚克苏斯河),xxix,30,83,85,142,146,147,158,164,166,167,168,239,240,244,282,331,333,334,340,342,343,345,353,366,393,412,414,418,438,484,485,486,487


    Amul[地]阿模尔,429,432


    Amur[地]黑龙江,xxvi,192,515,519


    Amurdara[人]阿穆尔达喇,629注


    Amursana[人]阿睦尔撒纳,537-538,541


    Anacargou[地]哈拉-土尔盖河,见Kara-Turgai


    Anagai[人]阿纳盖,85,173


    Anakast[人]阿纳卡斯特,84


    A-na-kuei[人]阿拉环,80,81


    Ananda[人]阿难答,294,299,300,321,605注


    Ananino[文]安纳尼诺文化,14,15,73


    Anapa[地]阿纳帕,16


    Anash[地]阿纳什,558注


    Anatolia[地]安纳托利亚,152,154,155,157,164,385,387,389


    Anchialus[地]安齐阿卢斯,174,177


    Anda (sworn brothers)[专]安答(结义兄弟),201


    Andalo da Savignano[人]安德鲁·沙维格纳诺,313


    Andereb[地]安德里布,343


    Andersson, J. G.[人]安德森,13


    Andizhan[地]安集延,169,423,426,463,482,492


    Andkhoi[地]安德·克霍,168,343


    André de Longjumeau[人]安德烈·德·朗朱米,273,349


    Andrew (活跃于1290年)[人]安德鲁,见Chagan


    Andrew (of Nassio)[人]安德鲁,304


    Andrew (of Perugia)[人](佩鲁贾的)安德鲁,314,605注


    Andronicus II[人]安德努尼卡斯二世,374,385


    Andronovo[文]安德罗诺沃文化,5


    Androphagi[人]安德罗法吉人,10,11


    Angarnd[地]安加拉,xxi


    Angevins[专]安哲文舰队,374


    Anhwei[地]安徽,58,138,287


    Ani[地]阿尼,263


    Animal art[文]动物艺术,4-5,12-17各处,24-26,50,176,547注


    Ankara[地]安卡拉,450,451,452


    Anking[地]安庆,287,310


    An Lu-shan[人]安禄山,120,128


    Annam[地]安南国,284,289,290


    Annam, French[地]安南国(法属),见Annam; Champa


    An Shih-kao[人]安世高,49


    Ansi[朝]安息,47,98


    Antes[族]安特人,173


    Antioch[地]安条克,40,155,349,360,361


    Antiochos VII[人]安提珂七世,31


    Anyang[地]安阳,5,8


    Ao-lo po-ki-lie[人]阿罗·波吉乃,197-198


    A-pao-ki (Ye-lü A-pao-ki)[人]阿保机,128,129,515


    Ap-ili[地]伊犁河流域,423


    Aq-khoja[人]阿克霍札,372


    Aq-ordu[朝]阿黑·斡耳朵(白帐),见White Horde


    Aq-Qoyunlu (White Sheep)[朝]阿克科雍鲁朝(白羊王朝),160,391,459,462


    Aqsu[人](察合台汗)阿克苏,492


    Aqsu[地]阿克苏河,见Aksu


    Aqtagh[地]埃克塔山,84


    Aqtaghlik[朝]白山派,501,527-528,541


    Aquchu (A''uchu)[人]阿忽出,582注


    A Qudu[人]忽都,595注


    Aquileia[地]阿奎洛尼亚,76,78


    ''Arab Muhammad[人]阿拉不·穆罕默德,487,521


    Aradmoners)[专]阿剌抽(平民),195,222


    Aragon[专]阿拉贡舰队,374


    Arakhosia[地]阿拉霍西亚,31


    Aral Sea (Lake Aral)[地]咸海,xxix,38,55,67,72,73,80,82,85,126,155,165,166,185,264,335,393,420,521,523


    Aramaeannguage[文]阿拉米亚文,113


    Ararat, Mount[地]亚拉腊山,359


    Aras (Araxes)[地]阿拉斯,261,347,348,462


    Arban(army captain)[专]阿尔班(十夫长),222


    Arb (Erbil)[地]埃尔比勒,262,368,379,383


    Arcadiopolis[地]阿卡迪奥波利斯(卢累布尔加兹),见Luleburgaz


    Archers(qorchin)[专]箭筒士(豁儿赤),582注


    Archers, mounted[专]马上弓箭手,7,8,23,75,223,224,553注-554注


    Ardashir Togachi[人]阿答乞儿·脱花赤,459


    Ardebil[地]阿尔德比勒,246


    Arghasun (Harqasun)[人]阿尔哈森,608注


    Arghun[人]阿鲁浑,296,304,308,309,313,367,372-376各处,379


    Arghun Agha[人]阿儿浑阿合,269,281,352,376


    Argun[地]额尔古纳河,192,207,211,255


    Arimaspi[族]阿里玛斯波伊人,547注


    Arin-taize[人]阿林太子,582注


    Ariq-b?g?[人]阿里不哥,280,281,285-286,291,331,332,363,397,456


    Ariq-qaya[人]阿里海牙,286,287


    Arjish[地]阿尔吉斯,见Ercis


    ?rk?gün (?rk?''ün; Nestorian priests),[专]也里可温,300,602注


    Ad[族]阿鲁剌惕部,见Art


    “Armalech[地]阿力麻里,”见Almalik


    Armavir[地]阿尔马维尔,16,73


    Armenia[地]亚美尼亚,152,431,449;大亚美尼亚,263,430,433;小亚美尼亚(西里西亚),8,9,263,264,269,271,281-282,305,312,347,360,361,362,363,370,371,379,382,384


    Armenians[族]亚美尼亚人,357,358,360,361,362,364,371


    Arne T. J.[人]阿勒,24,26


    Arnulf[人]阿尔鲁尔弗,178


    Arpa[地]阿尔帕,423


    Arpad (family)[族]阿尔帕德家族,178


    Arpad (9th cent.)[人]阿尔帕德(9世纪人),178


    Arpagaon (Arpakawan)[人]阿尔巴合温,389


    Arqai[人]阿尔凯,588注


    Arran (Karabakh)[地]阿兰(卡拉巴赫)草原,261,262,263,347,348,353,359,430,437,450,462,594注


    Arrian[人]阿里安,547注


    Arshal Atar[地]阿沙尔阿塔,423


    Arn (活跃于726年)[人]阿尔斯兰,117


    Arn (1156-72)[人]阿尔斯兰,166,167


    Arn (活跃于1211年)[人]阿尔斯兰,234,238


    Arn Ahmed[人]阿尔斯兰·阿黑马德汗,164


    Arn Ilek Nasr[人]阿尔斯兰·伊列克·纳斯尔,144,145,146


    Arn Isra''il[人]阿尔斯兰·伊斯莱尔,149


    Arn-khan (约1032-55年)[人]阿尔斯兰汗,147


    Arn-khan (活跃于1130年)[人](哈拉汗朝地区汗)阿尔斯兰汗,159,573注


    Arn-khan (活跃1211)[人]阿尔斯兰,见Arn


    Arn-shah (1161-75)[人]阿尔斯兰·沙赫,158,159


    Artebanus II[人]阿尔班努斯二世,31


    Artena-oghlu[族]阿尔特纳—乌鲁氏族,391


    Artsakh[地]阿特沙赫,608注


    Art (Ad)[族]阿鲁剌惕部,194,200,223


    Aruqtai (A-lu-t''ai)[人]阿鲁台,503,504,505,628注


    Aru-rarja[地]拉加寺地区,见Lakiashih


    As[族]阿息人(参看阿兰人),见ns


    Ascelin[人]阿瑟林,348,349


    Asha-gambu[人]阿沙甘不,247


    A-shih-na Hien[人]阿史那献,114,115


    A-shih-na Mi-sh?[人]阿史那弥射,103


    A-shih-na Pu-chen[人]阿史那步真,103


    A-shih-na Sh?-eul[人]阿史那社尔,99,100,101-102


    Ashkuz[族]斯基泰人,见Scythians


    Ashraf (死于1343年)[人]阿失剌甫,389,405


    Ashraf, al-(活跃于1230)[人]阿尔·阿昔剌夫,261


    Ashraf Musa, al-[人]阿什拉夫·穆萨,362


    Asianoi,29,30,[族]阿息洛伊人;参见ns


    Asioi, 29,30,552注,553注[族]阿息人(阿兰人);参见ns


    Askys[地]阿什克什河,558注


    Asod[族]阿苏特部(看阿兰人),见ns


    Asparukh[人]阿斯帕鲁赫,177


    Assassins[宗]暗杀派,见Isma''ilis


    Assur[族]亚述人,7


    Assyria[朝]亚述帝国,6,7,8-9,11,12


    Assyrian art[文]亚述艺术,4,11-12,13,15


    Asterabad[地]阿斯特拉巴德,428,429,464,484,485


    Astrakhan (Hajji-tarkhan)[地]阿斯特拉罕,441,442,471,472,473,475,486,521,522,540


    Astrakhanids (Janids)[朝]阿斯特拉罕王朝,486,488


    Ata(father; as title)[专]阿塔(父亲,一个称号),316


    Atabeg[专]阿塔卑(封建主),158,169


    Atagaroghai[地]阿塔合儿灰(卡拉图尔盖河),见Kara-Turgai


    At-Bashi[地]阿忒八失河,423


    Atelkuzu[地]阿特尔库祖,177,178,181,182


    Atrek[地]阿特里克河,429


    Atrek-Kul[地](巴尔喀什湖)阿特里克湖,见Balkhash,Lake


    Atsiz[人]阿特西兹,159,160,166,573注-574注


    Attali[朝]阿塔鲁王朝,157


    Att[人]阿提拉,38,75-76,78,248,267-268


    ?tüg?n (?tüg?n)[地]於都斤山,561注


    A''uchu[人]阿忽出,见Aquchu


    Augsburg[地]奥格斯堡,179


    Aulie-Ata[地]奥李·阿塔,见Ts (town)


    Aunjetitz[地]奥涅提兹,4


    Aurelian[人]奥列里安,73


    Aurel Stein[人]奥瑞尔,斯坦因,见Stein, Sir Mark Aurel


    Aurignacian culture[文]奥瑞纳文化,3


    “Aurignacian Venus”[文]奥瑞纳女神像,3


    Austrasia[朝]奥地利,173,174


    Avak[人](梯弗里斯牧师)阿瓦克,358


    Avares, Avari[族]阿瓦尔人,见Avars


    Avaria[地]阿瓦尔人之地,175-176


    Avars (Abares; Abaroi; Avares; Avari)[族]阿瓦尔人,xxiii-xxiv,xxviii,67,79,82,84-85,171-177各处,193,546注


    Avicenna[人]阿维森纳,244


    Ayamish[人]阿牙迷失,302


    Ayas[地]剌牙思(拉齐卡),见Lajazzo


    Aydin[地]艾登,449,451,452


    Ayil(camps)[专]阿寅勒,196


    Ayman, aymaq(tribes or army corps)[专]爱马克(部,或军团),516,530


    Ayoshka[地]阿约什卡,558注


    Ayuka[人]阿玉奇,522


    Ayurparibhadra[人]爱育黎拔力八达,见Buyantu


    Ayurshiridhara[人]爱猷识礼达腊,324,325,502


    Ayyub[人]阿优布,541


    Ayyubids[朝]阿尤布王朝,189,261,359-365各处


    Azerbaijan[地]阿塞拜疆(阿哲儿拜占),151,155,158,169,240,245,260,261,262,263,309,315,334,339,359,361,366,368,389,390,398,405,429,430,437,456,458,459,461,462


    ''Aziz, al-[人]阿尔·阿吉兹,360


    Azov (town)[地]亚速(城)(参看塔那),见Tana


    Azov, Sea of[地]亚速海,15,79,80,172,173,176,177,181,182,246,407,436


    Baalbek[地]巴勒贝克,447


    Ba''arin[族]八邻部,194,202,218,599注


    Ba''atur(as title)[专]巴阿秃儿(称号),194,222


    Ba''atur (Ba''atur-khongtaiji)[人]巴图尔洪台吉,523,526,540


    Babulsar[地]麦什德·萨尔,见Meshed-i-Sar


    Baber[人]巴布尔,417,464,482,483,484,497,498


    Babur-mirza[人]巴布儿·米儿咱,460,461


    Babylon[地]巴比伦,7,9


    Bachanak[人]佩彻涅格人,见Petchenegs


    Binh[地]北肮,290


    Bactra (Balkh)[地]巴尔赫,巴里黑城,xxi,40,68,85;参见Balkh (city)


    Bactria (Balkh; Ta-hsia; Tokharistan)[地]巴克特里亚(大夏,吐火罗斯坦),xxii,28-32各处,51,67-71各处,82-83,85,93,172;参见Balkh (region);Tokharistan


    Badai[人]把带,210


    Badakhshan (Badascian)[地]巴达克山,65,69,70,71,305,312,340,346,409,411,414,542


    Badi''az-Zeman[人]巴迪·匝曼,465,481


    Badma Sambhava[人]巴德马沙布黑威,629注


    Badr ad-Din Lulu[人]别都鲁丁卢卢,263-264,359,366


    Baga-tarkhan[人]莫贺达干,115,566注


    Baghatur(as title)[专]巴哈秃儿(称号),194


    Baghdad[地]巴格达,报达,151,355-356,357,359,367,368,389,390,397,420,426,429,430,433,434,435,450,456,458,462


    Baghdad,caliphate[朝]巴格达哈里发朝,参看阿拔斯王朝,见Abbasids


    B?gi(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195


    Bagrach, Lake (Bagrach Kol)[地]博斯腾湖,46,424


    Bagrat V[人]伯格拉特五世,430


    Bahmanids[朝]巴赫曼小苏丹国,444


    Bahram Chobin[人]巴赫拉姆·楚宾,85,141


    Bahram Gor[人]巴赫拉姆·哥尔,67-68


    Bahram-shah[人]巴赫拉姆沙赫,159


    Bai[地]拜城,426,492,497


    Baibars[人]拜巴斯,364,366,370,398


    Baibuqa[人]台不花,见Taibuqa


    Baida, al-[地]拜达城(参看伊提尔),见Itil


    Baidar (Peta)[人]拜答儿,264,266


    Baidarik[地]拜塔里克河,536,581注


    Baidu[人]拜都,377,378


    Baiju[人]拜住</a>,263,271,281,282,347,348,349,350,355,359,361,596注


    Baikal, Lake[地]贝加尔湖,xxii,xxvi,xxvii,25,114,192,194,205,208,479,503,504,507,544注


    Bailey, H. W.[人]贝利,30


    Baiqara[人]拜哈拉,456,457,458


    Bairam Khwaja[人]拜拉姆·瓦加,391


    Baishing[地]板升,629注


    Baitistan (Great Pulu)[族]巴蒂斯坦,大勃律,118


    Bajazet (Bayezid; Bayazid)[人]巴耶塞特,435,448,450-451,452


    Bajazet II[人]巴耶塞特二世,483


    B?k-chor[人]默啜,见Mo-ch''o


    Bakhchisarai (Qirq-yer)[地]巴赫切萨拉伊,471,475


    B?ki(as title)[专]别乞(称号),195


    B (活跃于1222)[人]八剌(札剌儿部那颜),242


    B (B;活跃于1252)[人]八拉,330


    Bditya[人]槃罗迭多,71


    Bva[地]巴拉克拉瓦,406


    Bmir (Bmber)[人]巴拉米尔(巴拉贝尔),38,73


    Bnjar[地]巴伦加尔,180


    Bsagun[地]八拉沙衮,133,144,145,147,164-165,233,234,236,312


    Balc[地]巴里黑城,巴尔赫,见Balkh (city)


    Baljuna[地]班朱尼河,211,415,583注


    Balkan Mountains[地]巴尔干山脉,175,176,184-185


    Balkh (city; Balc)[地]巴尔赫城,巴里黑城(参看巴克特里亚),116,142,143,146,166,240,243,305,312,340,346,409,411,412,414,415,431,456,457,460,461,481,485,486,487;参见Bactra


    Balkh (region)[地]巴尔赫地区(参看巴克特里亚和吐火罗斯坦),117,153,160,414;参见Bactria; Tokharistan


    Balkhash, Lake (Atrek-Kul)[地]巴尔喀什湖,xxiii, 53,55,67,72,80,95,113,114,115,119,120,148,234,238,255,270,275,277,326,335,424,425,480,489,507,508,522,531


    Baltic[地]波罗的海,395


    Bamian[地]巴米安,范延,50-51,97,167,241,271,329,334


    Baniyas[地]巴尼亚斯,363


    Banjara[人]班家拉,629注


    Baqi Muhammad[人]巴基·穆罕默德,486


    Baraghun-ghar (bara''un-gharorqar; barun-ghar; right or west wing)[专]右翼军,223,509,629注


    Baranduk[人]巴兰都黑,480


    Baraq (Ghiyath ad-Din)[人]八剌,292,327,332,333-334,369,401,606注


    Bara''un-ghar (qar)[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar


    Barca[人]别儿哥,见Berke


    Barchuq[人]巴而术,233,234,238,329-330


    Bardhaa[地]巴尔德哈,437


    Barghu (Barghuchin; Barquchin; Barqujin)[地]八儿忽真隘,205,208,582注


    Bar Hebraeus[人]巴赫布拉攸斯,191,362,367,377,396


    Barkiyaruk[人]巴尔基雅鲁克,155


    Barkol[地]巴里坤,42,48,55,126,536,538


    Bar Kol, Lake[地]巴里坤湖,47,126,569注


    Ba[族]巴鲁剌部,见Bar


    Bas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,见Hajji Bas


    Barnaoul[地]巴尔瑙尔,525


    Baroghil Pass[地]巴罗吉尔山口,119


    Barquchin, Barqujin[地]八儿忽真隘,见Barghu


    Barquq[人]贝尔孤格,433,434,441,446-447


    Barsa-bolod[人]巴尔斯博罗特,509,510


    Bartan-ba''atur[人]把儿坦巴阿秃儿,198


    Bartatua[人]巴塔图亚,8-9


    Barthold, V. V.[人]巴托尔德,113,120,126,145,149,154,165,179,181-182,194,195,198,201,222,238,239,253,272,275,277,328,333,341,377,380,395,397,400,407,421,440,441,442,479,480,525,531


    Bar (Ba)[族]巴鲁剌部,194


    Barun-ghar[专]右翼军,见Baraghun-ghar


    Bashkirs[族]巴什基尔人,403,472,522,576注


    Basil II (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)巴西尔二世,182


    Basil II (the Blind; Russian ruler)[人](罗斯统治者,瞎子)巴西尔二世,470


    Basil III (Vasili Ivanovich; Russian ruler)[人](莫斯科大公,瓦西里·伊凡诺维奇)巴西尔三世,473


    Basmil[族]拔悉蜜,112,113,569注,588注


    Basra[地]巴士拉,315,458


    Bastarnae[族]巴斯塔尔尼人,72-73


    Batchman[人]八赤蛮,264


    Bateni[地]巴捷尼,18


    Battle of the Marshes[专]麦什德之战,412


    Battle tactics[专]战术,9,23,24,74-75,224-226,228,229,242-243,245,283;artillery,529,530,540,625注;大象,use of,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注;火器,530,532,540;骑兵射手,7,8,23,75,223,224,553注-554注;围攻机械,283,287,450


    Batu (Sain-khan)[人]拔都(赛恩汗),254,264-276,281,282,350,392-396,512,594注,596注


    Bayan (活跃于582)[人]巴颜,173-174


    Bayan (活跃于650)[人]巴颜(保加尔人首领),176


    Bayan (Nayan; 1301-09)[人]伯颜(白帐汗),335,403


    Bayan (Po-yen;活跃于1276)[人]伯颜(将领),286,287,292,294,599注


    Bayan (死于1340)[人](权臣)伯颜,323


    Bayan-chor[人]默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho


    Bayan Selduz[人](速勒都思部)巴颜,343,345,346,409,410


    Baya''ut[族]伯牙吾惕,194


    Bayazid, Bayezid[人]拜牙即(迷里拜牙即)见Bajazet; Mir Bayezid


    Bayirku[族]拔野古,109,110


    Bayisangghur[人]巴义山格呼儿,629注


    Baysonqor (Baysonkur)[人]拜孙哈尔,464


    Begjik[人]别克吉,411


    Beha ad-Din (Beha ad-Din Muhammad)[人]贝哈哀丁,367,609注


    Beha ad-Din Marghinani[人]火者·巴海乌丁,329


    Beha ad-Din Razi[人]贝哈哀丁拉齐,588注


    Beit Abe[地]拜特·阿比,357


    Bek(mayor of the pce)[专]伯克(宫廷侍长),577注


    Bekter[人]别克台尔,199,200


    B&eacute IV (of Hungary)[人](匈牙利王)贝拉四世,266,267


    B[人]八拉,见B


    B Vezha, Bya Vezha[地]白城(沙克尔),见Sarkel


    Belgrade (Singidunum)[地]贝尔格莱德(辛吉杜蒙),76,174


    Belgutai[人]别里古台,199,293


    Belisarius[人]伯里沙留斯,79


    Belor[人]波罗,见Bolor


    Benaket[地]别纳客忒,238,338


    Benedict XII, Pope[人]本尼狄克十二世,304,319,341-342,404


    Benedict de Go?s[人]鄂本笃,500


    Bengal[地]孟加拉,70,444


    Benveniste, émile[人]贝文尼斯特,10


    Berdibeg[人]别儿迪别,405


    Berke (Barca)[人]别儿哥,264,265,274,305,332,363,365,366,369,394,397-400各处,420,615注


    Berkejar[人]别儿克贾,333,401


    Besasiri[人]贝撒希瑞,151


    Berry (France)[地]贝里(法国),178


    Beshbaligh (Dzimsa; Kiu-shih; Kucheng; Peiting)[地]别失八里(吉木萨,车师,古城,北庭),42,44,46,47,48,95,100,112,113,114,125,126,144,164,197,233,272,282,305,312,326,327,329,330,331,335,351,400,569注


    Bessarabia[地]比萨拉比亚,4,9,174


    Beth Garmai[地]伯斯卡迈,368


    Beya[地]别亚,18


    Bezeklik[地]伯子克力克,52,96,98,124


    Bhamo[地]八莫海峡,290,308


    Bhanugupta[人]巴奴芨多,70


    Bhatnair[地]帕特奈尔,444


    Bichura[地]比丘拉,558注


    Bichurskoye[地]比楚尔斯科雅,551注


    Bihar[地]比哈尔,70;参见Magadha


    Bihzad[人]毕赫札德,465


    Bilg?(as title)[专]必勒格,195


    Bilik(“sayings”)[专]必里克(箴言),221


    Bilqas[地]比勒加斯,362


    Binhdinh[地]平定,290,309


    Birar[族]比拉尔族,515


    Birecik[地]比雷吉克,361


    Birkeh-i Gurian[地]比耳哈·古里安,423


    Bistam[地]比斯坦,390


    Bithynia[地]比萨尼亚,385,452


    Bitlis[地]比德里思,262


    ck Irtysh[地]黑额尔齐斯河,也儿的石河,也儿的石河上游,82,190,255,312,338,424,425,479,510,512,523,525,537


    ck Sea[地]黑海,8,73,173,177,185,268,276,374,392,405


    ck Sheep[朝]黑羊王朝,见Qara-Qoyunlu


    Bleda[人]布勒达,75


    Blue Mongols (K?k? Mongol)[专]蓝蒙古人,或青蒙古人,xxv,585注


    Blue Turks (K?k Türk)[专]蓝突厥人,或青突厥人,86,585注;参见T''u-chüeh


    Bocbras (shaman; sorcerer)[宗]男巫,172


    Bodi (Bodi-khan)[人]博迪汗,510


    Bodunchar[人]孛端察尔,193


    B?g?(shaman)[宗]巫师,172,195


    Bogdo [地]博格达拉山,95


    Bogdo-khan[人]土谢图汗,见Tushetu-khan


    Boghorchu[人]博儿术,见Bo''orchu


    Boghul (ves; vassals)[专]孛斡勒(奴隶、属臣),195,222


    B?gü[人]匐俱,110


    Bogurji[人]博儿术,见Bo''orchu


    Bohemia[地]波希米亚,175


    Bohemund VI[人]波赫蒙德六世,360,361,362,363


    Boibeghus Ba''atur[人]拜巴噶斯巴图尔,523


    Bokhan[人]波汗,85,173


    Bolev IV[人]博列思老四世,266


    Bolev V (the Chaste)[人](贞洁者)博列思老五世,399


    Bolgar (town; Bolgarskoye; Bolgary; Uspenskoye)[地]保加尔人的城市(今波尔加利,乌斯平斯科伊),264,393,401,594注


    Bolgars[族]保加尔人,见Bulgars


    Bolgarskoye, Bolgary[地]波尔加利城,见Bolgar (town)


    Bolghai[人]孛鲁合,275,285,286


    Bolkhojinong[人]博勒呼济农,509


    Bolod (活跃于1285)[人]孛罗(丞相),304,378,381


    Bolod (约1407-12)[人]不剌汗,见Pd


    Bolod (ce)[地]普拉德,见Pd


    Bolod Temür[人]孛罗帖木儿,324


    Bolor (Belor)[地]波罗,306


    Bon-posorcery[宗]本教,523


    Bonus[人]波鲁斯,174


    Bo''orchu (Boghorchu; Bogurji)[人]博儿术,200,206,210,223,589注


    Boraqchin[人]博剌克斤,397


    Boraq Hajjib[人]霍吉勃博剌克,260,353


    Bordeaux[地]波尔多,375


    Bordei-Herastrau[文]波德·希拉斯特安文化,6


    Boris[人]鲍里斯,177


    Borjigin[族]孛儿只斤部,193,199-200,207,217,505


    Bor Nor[地]贝尔湖,捕鱼儿湖,192,198,203,210,502,510,529


    Borodino[地]博罗季诺,4


    Boroqul[人]博罗浑,206,210


    Borot[地]博罗塔拉,102,554注


    Borovka, G. I.[人]波罗夫卡,14,16


    B?rte[人]孛儿帖,200,201,218,219,220,394


    B?rte-cino[人]孛儿帖公主,554注


    Bosporus (city)[地]博斯普鲁斯城,见Panticapaeum


    Bosporus (strait)[地]博斯普鲁斯海峡,174,175


    Bosporus, Cimmerian[地]博斯普鲁斯,见Cimmerian Bosporus


    Boucher, Guiume[人]布歇,纪尧姆,280,281


    Bronze age[专]铜器时代,4-5,6


    Brussa[地]布鲁萨,见Bursa


    Buchin[人]布金,334


    Budaq[人]沙·布达克,481


    Buddha (Buddha Sakyamuni; Sagamoni Burcan)[宗]佛陀,308;relics, 298,308,533


    Buddhagupta[人]佛陀笈多,70,71


    Buddhism[宗]佛教(参见喇嘛教),xxiii,32,48,49,51,60,63,65,66,70,95,96,98,99,101,111,118,125,220,237,275,276,277,290,297-300,327,367,379,383,527,628注;和尚,602注;翻译文本49,59,96,97,124,299;道人,597注,602注;参见Lamaism


    Buddhist art[文]佛教艺术,48-53,64,65,70,96-99,122,124


    Buerova Mog[人]布诺瓦,16


    Bug (river)[地]布格河,5,10,392


    Bughra-khan Harun[人]博格拉汗哈仑,144,145,147


    Bughra Sali Tutuq[人]博格拉·萨利·吐吐克,568注


    Bugur[地]布吉尔,344


    Bujai[人]布贾,386


    Bukhara[地]布哈拉,不花剌(城),96,116,117,118,120,141,142,144,145,146,147,149,165,168,169,239,243,244,254,255,305,326,327,328,332,333,335,340,344,345,370,412,413,438,464,465,481,483-489,496,498,531,540


    Bukharia[地]布哈拉地区,486,526


    Bukovina[地]布科维纳,4


    Bji (Pdshi)[人]播鲁只,344,422


    Bn[人]布兰可汗,577注


    Bt (Pd)[人]布拉特,532


    Bulgaria[朝]保加利亚国,178,268,402,403,449;Great Bulgaria,176


    Bulgarians (Bulgars)[族]保加利亚人(保加尔人),399,402


    Bulgarnguage[文]保加尔语,577注


    Bulgars (Bolgars)[族]保加尔人,保加利亚人,xxviii,174,175-176,177,185,186,247,264,392,393,441


    Buluk[地]布鲁克,549注


    Bumin (T''u-men)[人]布明(土门),81,82,86


    Bunchagan, Lake[地]布察干湖,581注


    Buqa Timur[人]不花帖木儿,355


    Burgas[地]布尔加斯,174,177


    Burgundians[族]勃艮第人,56,60,449


    Burgundy[地]勃艮第,178


    Burhan ad-Din[人]布汉哀丁,391,449


    Burhan ad-Din (Great Khoja)[人]包尔汉丁(大和卓),541-542


    Büri (活跃于1240)[人]不里,264,265,275,607注


    Büri (活跃于1270)[人]不里,334,338,607注


    Buri-b?k?[人]不里孛阔,204


    Buri-tigin (Tamgatch-khan)[人]贝里特勤,147,572注


    Burma (Mien)[地]缅甸,290-291,308


    Burni[人]布尔尼,519-520


    Burqan Qaldun[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),见Kentei


    Bursa (Brussa)[地]布鲁萨,420,451


    Burut[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯,见Kara-Kirghiz


    Buscarel de Gisolf[人]布斯卡尔,375,376


    Bushang[地]布格申,427


    Butkhanaha(pagan temples)[地]异教寺庙,359


    Bu''ura[地]布拉河(不兀剌川),201


    Buyang-ghi[人]布颜格呼赖,629注


    Buyan-quli[人]巴颜合里,343


    Buyan Shiban[人]布颜昔班,301


    Buyan Temür[人]卜颜帖木儿,325


    Buyantu (Ayurparibhadra)[人]普颜笃(爱育黎拔力八达),321,340


    Buyids[朝]布威朝,143,150-151,152,153,354-355


    Buyiruq[人]不亦鲁,205,208,215,584注


    Buyur, Lake[地]捕鱼儿湖,206


    Buzar[人]布札儿,234,235


    Byskar[地]拜什卡尔,558注


    Bytom[地]比托姆,399


    Byzantine Empire[朝]拜占庭帝国,57,62,82-85,153,172,173-175,177,179-180,182,184,186,385,399,401,402,452


    Byzantium[地]拜占庭,参看君士坦丁堡,见Constantinople


    Cacianfu[地]河间府,见Hokien


    Caesarea[地]凯撒里亚,154,273,349


    Caffa (Feodisiya)[地]喀发(费奥多西亚),319,342,403,404,405,407,471,472,473


    Cahen, G.,[人]卡亨,402


    Cahun, Léon[人]卡洪,224,247


    Cail (Kayal)[地]卡亚尔,311


    Cac[地]海押立,见Qayaligh


    Cairo[地]开罗,364,387


    Caitan, ?aiton[地]刺桐,(泉州),见Chüanchow


    Cambaluc[地]汗八里,(北京),见Peking


    Cambay, Gulf of[地]坎贝湾,309


    Cambodia[地]柬埔寨(高棉),见Khmer


    Campiciu[地]甘州,见Kanchow (Kansu)


    Campsay[地]杭州,见Hangchow


    Campus Mauriacus[地]莫里亚库斯驻地,76


    Camul[地]哈密,见Hami


    Cansay[地]杭州,见Hangchow


    Canton (Si)[地]广州(辛迦兰),287,290,305,308,309-310,315,323,324,518,605注


    Cappadocia[地]卡帕多细亚,8,9,154,155,157,370,391,449


    Carachoedil;o[地]哈剌火州(吐鲁番),见Turfan


    Caragian (kingdom)[朝]云南国,见Yunnan


    Caragian (town)[地](云南;大理城)哈剌章,见Tali


    Caraian[朝]云南(王国),见Yunnan (kingdom)


    Caramoran[地]黄河,见Yellow River


    Caria[地]卡里亚,452


    Carl, Jean[人]J.卡尔,51


    Carnatic[地]卡纳蒂克,311


    Carnuntum,[地]卡农图姆,175


    Carolingians[族]加洛林王朝人(也参看查理曼),60,158,178;参见Charlemagne


    Carpathian Mountains[地]喀尔巴阡山脉,73,75,176,177


    Carpini[人]迦儿宾,见Piano Carpini


    Cascar[地]喀什城,见Kashgar


    Casimir IV (of Pnd)[人](波兰的)卡西米四世,470


    Caspian Sea[地]里海,8,93,185,245,400,508,521,523,525


    Catalonia[地]加太罗尼亚,74


    Cathay[地]契丹,306,309


    Catherine II (of Russia)[人](俄国的)叶卡捷琳娜二世,477


    Catholic Church[宗]天主教教会,见Christianity条下


    Cattaro[地]科托尔,见Kotor


    Caucausus[地]高加索,6,8,9,11,176,181,240,246,263,366,376,392,397,419,433,442,522


    Cavalry[专]骑兵,见Archers,mounted;Horse


    Ceylon[地]锡兰国,298,308,311,315


    Chaban[地]佛誓,见Vijaya


    Chadak[地]哈达克,488


    Chagan[人]察罕,223


    Chagan (Zagan; Andrew)[人]察甘,376


    Chagatai[人]察合台,见Jagatai


    Chaghan[人]察罕,259


    Chaghan-ordo[朝]白帐汗国(查罕·斡耳朵),见White Horde


    Chaghan Tatar[族]察罕塔塔儿部,207-208


    Chaghan Temür[人]察罕帖木儿,323,324


    Chagri-beg[人]查基尔拜格,150


    Chagri-khan Jl ad-Din[人]恰格里汗·贾拉尔·阿德·丁,574注


    Chahar (people)[族]察哈儿人,509-514,517,519,530,538,629注


    Chahar (ce)[地]察哈尔,xxii,xxv,25,164,285,288,507,516


    Chaka (Jeku)[人]术客,402,403


    Chakravartin(as title)[宗]查克拉瓦蒂(佛教词汇中为“宇宙之君主”),298


    Chalcedon[地]卡尔西登,174


    Chalish[地]察力失(焉耆,喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr


    Ch?m (J?m)[地]剑河,584注


    Champa (Ciamba; Cyamba)[朝]占婆,289-290,308,315


    Champagne (region)[地]香巴尼地区,178


    Chandrapida[人]真陀罗秘利,118-119


    Chandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho


    Changan (Fengyuanfu; Kingchaofu; Qan-baliq; Quegianfu; Sera metropolis; Sian)[地]长安(京兆府),xxix,34,38,41,56,57,58,59,61,63,66,81,83,89,90,92,100,120,126,127,232,307,599注,604注,605注


    Chang Ch''uen[人]张骞,30,34


    Changchow[地]常州,287


    Ch''ang-ch''uen[人]长春真人,见Kiou Ch''ang-ch''uen


    Changchun[地]长春,516


    Chang Hiao-sung[人]张孝嵩,117


    Ch''ang Huei[人]常惠,37


    Chang Kuei[人]张珪,299


    Changping[地]昌平,107


    Changsha[地]长沙,284,287


    Chang Shih-ch''eng[人]张士诚,323,324


    Chang Shih-ch''ung[人]张世忠,511


    Chang Shih-kie[人]张世杰,287


    Chang Shuen[人]张顺,287


    Changteh[地]彰德(参看邺城),65,130,137,232;参见Ye


    Chang-ti[人]汉章帝,42,44


    Changyeh[地]张掖,35,41


    Chan Kue[人]张贵,287


    Chao[朝]赵国,20


    Ch''ao (paper currency)[专]钞(纸币),297,310,377


    Chao, Hou-[朝]后赵,见Hou-Chao


    Chao, Ts''ien[朝]前赵,见Ts''ien-Chao


    Chaochow[地]潮州,287


    Chaochow[地]赵州,108


    Chao Huei[人]兆惠,538,541


    Chao Hung[人]赵珙</a>,199


    Chao K''uang-yin[人]赵匡胤(宋太祖),见T''ai-tsu


    Chao Meng-fu, school of[文]赵孟頫</a>瞓学派,223


    Chao-modo[地]昭莫多,530


    Chao Pao[人]赵彪,54


    Chao Pao-ki (Li Ki-ts''ien)[人]赵保机(李继迁),132


    Chao P''o-nu[人]赵破奴,35


    Chao Ssu-wen[人]赵思温,129


    Chao T?-ming[人]赵德明,133


    Chaoyang[人]朝阳,557注


    Chao Yüan-hao[人]赵元昊,133


    Ch?p?r[人]察八儿,295,335,336,338,384


    Chapogir[族]恰波吉尔人,515


    Charchan[地]车尔城,见Cherchen


    Charin[地]察里恩河,460


    Charkhlik[地]恰克里克城(参看罗不),见Lop


    Charlemagne[人]查理曼,82,158,175


    Charpentier, Jarl[人]查尔彭蒂尔,29,30


    Cha''ur-b?ki[人]察兀儿别吉,209


    Chavannes, édouard[人]沙畹,42


    Che Ch''an[人]支谶,49


    Che-che[人]致支,37,38,55,72


    Che-che yun-tu, Mount[地]《元史</a>》折折运都山,212


    Chekiang[地]浙江,137,287,308,323,324,518


    Che K''ien[人]支曜,49


    Chenab[地]杰纳布河,446


    Chenchow[地]镇巢,304,503,599注


    Cheng Ki[人]郑吉,37


    Ch''eng T''ang[人]陈汤,38


    Chengting[地]正定,108,130,132,229


    Chengtu (Sindufu)[地]兴都府,307,310,598注


    Chenkiang (Cinghianfu)[地]镇江,137,139,302


    Chen-kin (Chinkim)[人]真金,302,321


    Ch''en Mu[人]陈睦,43,46


    Chen-tsung[人]宋真宗</a>,132,133


    Ch''en Yu-liang[人]陈友谅,323,324


    Cherchen (Charchan; Ciarcian)[地]车尔城,306


    Cheremis[族]切列米斯人,472


    Cherman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman


    Chernigov[地]切尔尼戈夫,10,246,265


    Chernoziom[地]切尔诺柔姆,547注


    Chernyakhov[地]切尔尼亚霍夫,73


    Chersonesus,85;[地]刻松城,参见Kherson


    Chertomlyk[地]切尔托姆雷克,7,10,546注


    Ch''eu Ou[人]崔瑀,599注


    Chi[地]蓟(今天的北京),见Peking


    Ch''i, Pei-[朝]北齐,见Pei-Ch''i


    Chiangmai (Xiengmai; Pape)[地]清迈,291,600注


    Chia Ssu-tao[人]贾似道</a>,284,286


    Ch''i-chia-p''ing[文]齐家坪文化,3


    Chichow[地]池州,287


    Ch''ien Han Shu[书]《前汉书</a>》,21,29,30-31


    Ch''ien-lung[人]乾隆</a></a>,xxx,518,520,537,538-539,542


    Chihli, Gulf of[地]直隶湾,14,230


    Chihtan[地]志丹(保安),见Paoan


    Chih Tao[人](傅安)之道,见Fu An


    Ch''un[人]赤老温,200,206


    Chilgerb?k?[人]赤勒格儿力士,201


    Chilperic[人]查尔帕里克,58


    Chimbai[人]赤不拜,200


    Ch''in[朝]秦朝,20,26-27


    Chin (12th-13th cent.)[朝]金国,见Kin


    Chin, Hou-[朝]后金,见Hou-Chin


    Ch''in, Hou-[朝]后秦,见Hou-Ch''in


    Ch''in, Hsi-[朝]西秦,见Hsi-Ch''in


    Chin, northern or western[朝]晋(北晋或称西晋),54,55


    Chin, southern or eastern[朝]晋(南晋或东晋),56-57


    Ch''in Ts''ien-[朝]前秦,见Ts''ien-Ch''in


    China, Republic of[朝]中华民国,323,519,529


    China Sea[地]中国海,308


    Chinaz[地]契纳兹,412


    Chinggis-khan[人]成吉思汗</a>,见Jenghiz Khan


    Chingints[地]欣斤塔剌思,603注


    Chingiz[地]青吉兹,215


    Chin Huai-ti[人]晋怀帝,56


    Chinkiang[地]镇江,287


    Chinkim[人]真金,见Chen-kin


    Chin Min-ti[人]晋愍帝,56


    Chinqai[人]镇海,257,268,270,272,274,351


    Ch''in Shih Huang-ti[人]秦始皇</a>,20,26,101


    Chintimur,[人]真帖木儿,351


    Chios[地]希俄斯岛,452


    Chirchik (Parak)[地]奇尔奇克河(帕拉克河),244,463,496


    Chigirin[地]奇吉林,15


    Chita[地]基塔,25,37,551注


    Ch''iu-chiu-ch''ueh[人]邱就却,见Kuj Kadphises


    Chiu Shih-ssu[人]瞿式耜,518


    Chkalov[地]奥伦堡,见Orenburg


    Chmielnik[地]赫梅尔尼克,266


    Chochow[地]涿州,131,132,570注


    Chofang[地]朔方,34-35


    Ch?l[族]沙陀,见Sha-t''o


    Choligh-buqa[人]绰里吉不花,301


    Chopan (Juban)[人]出班,385,387


    Chormaghan (Chormaqan)[人]绰儿马罕,261-262,263,347-348,350,351,359


    Choros (Ol?t; Tsoros)[族]绰罗斯部,503,520-521,523-528各处,531,537,538,539,540;参见Oirat


    Chosroes I Anoshirvan[人]库思老一世(阿奴细尔汪),82,83


    Chosroes II Parviz[人]库思老二世(帕维兹),51,85,174


    Chou, Hou-[朝]后周,见Hou-Chou


    Chou, Pei-[朝]北周,见Pei-Chou


    Chou Ta-kuan[人]周达观</a>,291


    Chowkowtien[地](北京)周口店,3


    Christianity[宗]基督教,165,179,180,186,220,263,281,282,300,312,313-314,319,341-342,348,356-358,360,361,363,377,379,401,402,404;主教,300;参见Jacobites; Nestorianism


    Chu[地]楚河,38,67,82,102,133,144,145,165,189,204,233,236,244,254,277,326,343,395,397,423,425,508


    Chüanchow (Caitan; Caiton; Zayton)[地]泉州(刺桐),287,291,305,308,310,311,312,314,319,604注


    Chuchow (Cugiu)[地]处州,308


    Chufut-Kale[地]基尔基,见Kirki


    Chuguchak[地]楚固恰克,xxiii,95,164,424,526


    Ch''u-lo[人]处罗,89


    Ch''u-mi[族],处蜜,100


    Ch''u-mu-kuen[族]处木昆,115


    Chumysh[地]楚麦什河,525


    Chung[人]忠,43,45


    Ch''ung-cheng[人]崇祯帝,517


    Ch''ung-fu-ssu(government department)[专]崇福司,300


    Chung-hei[人](金王)永济,140,227,230


    Chunghing[地]中兴府(参看宁夏),见Ningsia


    Chungli (Fengyang)[地]钟离(凤阳),65


    Chungshan (Tingchow)[地]中山(今保定南部的定州),59,60


    Chung-tu[地]中都(北京),见Peking


    Chuong-duong[地]升隆,290


    Chu Sho-fu[人]竺朔佛,49


    Chuvash (people)[族]楚瓦什人,177,472,559注


    Chuvash (mountain)[地]楚瓦什山,489


    Chuvashnguage[文]楚瓦什语,577注,559注


    Ch''u Wen[人]朱温,127


    Chu Yüan-chang[人]朱元璋</a>,见Hung-wu


    Ch''u-yueh[族]处月部,见Sha-t''o


    Cialis[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr


    Ciamba[地]占城,见Champa


    Ciangli[地]滋阳,见Tsiyang


    Cianglu[地]长卢,见Tsanglu


    Ciarcian[地]车尔城,见Cherchen


    Cilicia (Little Armenia)[地]西里西亚(小亚美尼亚),8,9,263,264,269,271,281-282,305,312,347,360,361,362,363,370,371,379,382,384


    Cimmerian Bosporus[地]辛梅里安人的博斯普鲁斯,xxvi,18,25,39


    Cimmerians[族]辛梅里安人,v,4-5,6,8,9,10,11,25,545注


    Cinghianfu[地]镇江,见chenkiang


    Circassia[地]塞卡西亚,376,442


    Circassians[族]契尔克斯人,246


    vijo[人]克拉维约,453


    Clement V, Pope[人](教皇)克力门五世,314,384


    Clovis[人]克洛维,63


    Coal, mining of[专]煤矿,309


    Cocachin[人]阔阔真,见K?k?chin


    Coigangiu[地]淮安,见Hwaian


    Coilum[地]奎隆,见Quilon


    Colchis[地]科尔奇斯,8


    Confederates[族]卫拉特人,见Oirat


    Confucianism[宗]儒教,64,299,300


    Confucius[人]孔子</a>,64


    Constantine V[人]君士坦丁五世,177


    Constantine VII (Porphyrogenitus)[人]君士坦丁七世,177,178,182,577注


    Constantine X (Ducas)[人]君士坦丁十世,185


    Constantine Diogenes[人]康士坦丁·台吉勒斯,182


    Constantine Tych (of Bulgaria)[人]君士坦丁泰奇,399


    Constantinople (Byzantium)[地]君士坦丁堡(拜占庭),xxviii,xxix,56,57,174,176,182,184,276,319,374,399,449,452,453,533


    Cordier, Henri[人]考狄尔,316


    Corlu[地]乔尔卢,184


    Costume[专]服饰,7,8,20,21,51,52,74,97-98,124,223


    Cotan[地]于阗(和田),见Khotan


    Council of Lyons[专]路易斯宗教委员会,370


    Courant, Maurice[人]考朗特,510,515,526,531,532


    Coyat[人]科亚特,277


    Cracow[地]克拉科夫,266,399


    Crimea[地]克里米亚,13,15,39,73,85,180,182,247,276;热那亚和威尼斯银行家,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;汗国,470,471,472,473,475,477;可萨里亚,180,314,401,403


    Croatia[地]克罗地亚,267


    Croats[族]克罗地人,175


    Cromerus[书]《克罗麦鲁斯编年史》,399


    Crusades and crusaders[专]十字军,245,246,349,449,451,452;参见Jerusalem


    Csanad[地]琼纳德,266


    Csongrad[地]琼格拉德,176


    Csuny[地]琼尼,176


    Ctesiphon[地]泰西封,68


    Cubuk[地]丘布克,451


    Cucuteni[地]库库特尼,4


    Cugiu[地]处州,见Chuchow


    Cumaniannguage[文]库蛮语,280


    Cumans[族]库蛮人,钦察人,见Kipchaks


    Currency: coins[专]钱币(怯伯币,纸钞),380,393,401;硬币,341;纸币,297,310,377


    Cyamba[朝]占婆,见Champa


    Cyandu[地]上都府,见Shangtuho


    Cyaxares[人]奇阿克撒列,9


    Cyprus[地]塞浦路斯,281


    Cyril, St.,[人]圣·西利尔,180


    Cyrus[人]居鲁士,9


    Dacia[地]达西亚,45,72,73


    Dagestan[地]达吉斯坦,179,182


    Daha[地]帕哈,见Kediri


    Dahur[族]达呼尔族,515


    Dai-Sechen[人]德薜禅,200,206


    Di khan[人]达赖汗,524


    Di Lama (Tale-Lama; as title)[专]达赖喇嘛,514,581注


    Di Nor (Hulun Nor)[地]达赉诺尔(呼伦池),54,210,582注


    Di taiji[人]达赖台吉,523


    Dalmatia[地]达尔马提亚群岛,267


    Damascus[地]大马士革,154,155,261,360,361,362,363,365,382,419,447-448


    Damghan[地]达姆甘,240,428,461


    Damietta[地]达米埃塔,245,373


    Damna[地]达蒙纳,41


    Dandanaqan[地]丹丹坎,147,150


    Dandan-Uilik[地]丹丹-乌里克,52,96


    Daniel (of Galicia)[地](西里西亚的)丹尼勒,265,395,399


    Danishmend (Muslim doctors)[专]达失蛮(回教僧侣),602注


    Danishmend Behadur[人]答尼失蛮·巴黑都儿,385,386


    Danishmendids[朝]丹尼什门德王朝,154


    Danishmendiya[人]答失蛮察,343


    Daniyal-khoja[人]丹尼雅尔和卓,528,541


    Danube[地]多瑙河,4,72,74,75,76,78,79,148,173-178,181,182,184,185,267,268,295,399


    Dao-tu Ki[人]陶子奇,290


    Daquqa[地]达古格,245


    Daritai (Daritai-noyan; Daritai-ochigin)[人]答力台-斡赤斤,202,208,212,213


    Darius[人]大流士,9-10,23


    Darja[人]达尔扎,537


    Darqan (darqat; as title)[专]答儿罕(称号),222,586注-587注


    Darugachi (daruqachi; official)[专]达鲁花赤(地方官),243,259


    Daud[人]道特,149


    Daulet Girei III[人]道勒特·格来,477


    David (活跃于1248)[人]大卫,349


    David Lasha[人]大卫·拉沙,269,272,350


    David Narin[人]大卫·纳林,269,272,350


    Dawaji (Tawaji)[人]达瓦齐,537,538


    Dawud-khoja[人]达乌德火者,315,340,386


    Dayan[人]达延汗,509-510,539,540


    Dayan khan[人]达延汗,524


    Dayir Usun[人]带儿兀孙,215


    Dam[朝]戴拉木王朝,355


    Daxata[地]达克沙塔,41


    Dbus[地]乌斯藏,524


    Dan[地]德干高原,69,311,444


    Delhi[地]德里,242,260,339,341,417,419,420,443,444,445,446


    Denev[地]德勒夫,10


    Dengizich (Dinzigich)[人]顿吉兹奇(丁兹吉克),78-79


    Denha[人]腆合,304


    Denha, Mar[人]马·德赫,见Mar Denha


    Derbent[地]打耳班,8,246,281,282,366,369,376,398,430,437,441


    Derestuisk[地]德瑞斯特斯克,25,37


    Dervish[人]德尔维希,475


    Desna[地]德斯纳河,11


    Dewatdar[专]副掌印官,357


    Dilshad Agha[人]迪勒沙·阿哈,423


    Dimitrii Donskoi[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,405-406,407


    Dinzigich[人](顿吉兹奇)丁兹吉克,见Dengizich


    Dio Cassius[人]狄奥卡修斯,547注


    Diyarbakir (Amid)[地]迪亚巴克尔,261,262,263,360,433,456,459,462


    Dizful[地]迪兹富勒,432


    Djak[地]迪杰拉克,见Jak


    Djenkshi[人]靖克失汗,见Jenkshi


    Dnieper[地]第聂伯河,4,10,73,177,178,181,182,246,392,402,471


    Dniester[地]德聂斯特河,72,73,268,392,407,436


    Doab[地]多阿布,69,443,444


    Dobrogea (Dobruja)[地]多布罗加,78


    Dobun-mergen[人]朵奔蔑儿干,193


    Dolonnor[地]多伦诺尔,上都府,见Shangtuho


    Don[地]顿河,72,73,80,172,178,180,181,312,392,402,404,406,441,442,471,472,522


    Ds[地]顿涅茨河,392,402


    Dongkur Manjusri khutukhtu[人]惇果尔文殊师刊呼图克图,514


    Donskoi, Dimitrii[人]德米特里·顿斯科伊,见Dimitrii Donskoi


    Doquz-khatun[人]脱古思可敦,356,357,358,361,367


    D?rben[族]朵儿边部,见D?rb?t


    D?rben Oirat[族]杜尔本·卫拉特,见Oirat


    D?rben Qoriya (Wang)[族]“四圈”旗,郡王部,511


    D?rb?t (D?rben; D?rb?d; Turbet)[族]杜尔伯特,194,206,207,208,213,503,520,523,525,527,537,538;参见Oirat


    Drangiana[地]德兰吉亚那,31


    Dristra (Durostorum; Silistra)[地]锡利斯特拉,xxiv,184


    Drosakhe[地](希腊地理学家们的)酒泉,41


    Dugts (Duts)[族]杜格拉特人,344,412,422,425,453,459,463,491-495,497,498,499


    Dukhtar-i-Noshirvan[地]杜克塔-依-奴细尔汪,51


    Dülün-Boldaq[地]跌里温盘陀山,199


    Dunapentele[地]杜纳彭特勒,176


    Duqaq Timuryaligh[人]杜卡克·帖木耳雅里赫,148


    Duts[族]杜格拉特人,见Dugts


    Dürb?lj?n(square script)[文]都尔巴金字(方块字),298


    Durbelji[族]杜尔伯斤,25,549注


    Dungan[族]东干人,538


    Dürlükin[族]都儿鲁斤部,194


    Durostorum[地]锡利斯特拉,见Dristra


    Dust Muhammad[人]笃思忒·马黑麻,461,463,493


    Duwa[人]都哇,294,295,303,334,335-336,338,339,384,403


    Duwa-Timur[人]笃来帖木儿,341


    Dzasagtu-khan (khanate)[人]扎萨克图汗,512


    Dzasagtu-khan (person)[人]扎萨格图汗,见Shara; Subati


    Dzhambul[地]江布尔(塔拉斯城),见Ts (town)


    Dzimsa[地]济木萨(别失八里)见Beshbaligh


    Dzungar (Jungar)[族]准噶尔人(也名卡尔梅克人),501,512,520,525-539各处,541,630注,参见Kalmucks; Oirat


    Dzungaria[地]准噶尔地区,82,89,102,114,479,521,524,536,537,538,542


    Eastern Roman Empire[朝]东罗马帝国,拜占庭帝国,见Byzantine Empire


    "East Iranian"nguage[文]东伊朗语,xxiii, 29,40,49,96


    Ebejesu[人]伊伯杰苏,191


    Ebi Nor[地]艾比湖,102,331,344,491


    Ebuskun[人]也速伦,329


    Ecbatana[地]埃克巴坦那(哈马丹),见Hamadan


    Edeco[人]埃德科,78


    Edessa[地]埃德沙,361


    Edward I (of Ennd)[人](英格兰的)爱德华一世,370,371,375,376


    Edward II (of Ennd)[人](英格兰的)爱德华二世,384


    Egrigain[地]宁夏,见Ningsia


    Egypt[朝]埃及王朝(参看马木路克朝),355,359,364,365,参见Mamelukes (dynasty)


    Ekaterinburg[地]埃卡特林贝尔格,11,547注


    Ekaterinov[地]埃卡特林罗斯拉夫,16


    Ekaterinovka[地]埃卡特罗夫卡,548注


    El[人]名,颉利,见Hie-li


    Elbek[人]额勒伯克,503


    Elephant,use in battle[专]战象,290,308,339,340,445,447,451,572注


    Eleuthes[族]厄鲁特部,521


    Elias, Ney[人]埃尼亚斯,423,497,500


    Elizavetovskaya[地]伊里扎威托夫斯卡亚,13,15,16


    Eljigid?i[人]野里知吉带,271,274


    Eljigid?i[人]燕只吉带,341,348,349-350,586注


    Ec[人]埃拉卡,78


    Elqutur[人]燕儿火脱,582注


    Elt?bir (as title)[专]颉利发,565注


    Elterish[人]颉跌利施(骨咄禄),见Qutlugh


    Elya[人]也里牙,304


    Emba[地]恩巴河,148,181,394,521


    Emnedzar[人]恩勒德扎尔,78


    Engels[地]恩格尔斯(波克罗夫斯克),见Pokrovsk


    Enos[地]埃诺斯,184


    Ephesus[地]以弗所,452


    Ephtha (Ye-ta)[族]莚哒,67


    Ephthalites (Hayathelites; Ye-tai; White Huns; Huna)[族]莚哒人(白匈奴人,厌带夷栗陀),65,67-72,80,82,172,173,193,217,417;参见Avars “Equius,”277


    Eran[地]伊兰,71


    Erbil[地]埃尔比勒,见Arb


    Ercis (Arjish)[地]阿尔吉斯,262


    Erdeni[人]额尔德尼,见Irdana


    Erdeni Dzu[地]额尔德尼昭寺庙,528


    Eregli[地]埃雷利(参看赫拉克利庞蒂亚),见Heraclea Pontica


    Erginul, Ergiuul[地]凉州(马可记法),见Liangchow


    Eric (of Friuli)[人](弗留利大公)伊里克,175


    Erinchin[人]额璘臣济农,517


    Erkegüd[族]额尔克固特部,630注


    Erke-khongor[人]额哲洪果尔,517


    Erkene-qun[地]额儿古涅昆,193


    Erke-qara[人]额尔客合剌,204,206,581注


    Erküt[专]也里可温(近代写法),见Erqüt


    Ermak[人]叶尔马克,489,490


    Ermanarich[人]亥耳曼纳奇,73


    Ermenak[地]埃尔梅内克山区,385


    Ernac[人]埃尔纳克,78


    Erqüt (Erküt)[专]也里可温的近代形式,602注


    Erzerum[地]额尔哲鲁木城,263,430,449,450


    Erzincan[地]埃尔津詹,261,263,281,382,430,449,450,462


    Esen (Esen-taiji; Ye-hsien Taichi)[人]额森台吉,也先台吉,491,492,506,507,508,520


    Esen-buqa (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花,315,338-339,340,386


    Esen-buqa II (Esen-bugha)[人]也先不花二世,460-461,480,492-493


    Esen Temür (Yesen Temür; Essan-temur)[人]也先帖木儿,308


    Eskisehir[地]埃斯基谢希尔,385


    Essantemur[人]也先帖木儿,见Esen Temür


    Essekü[人]额色库,504


    Esztergom[地]埃斯泰尔戈姆城堡,见Gran


    Eternal Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见T?ngri


    Etsin Gol[地]额济纳河,36,212


    Etzina[地](马可记哈拉霍屯城)额济纳,见Karakhoto


    Eukratides[人]幼克拉蒂斯,29


    Euphrates[地]幼发拉底河,295,361,365,371,385,446


    Euphrosyne[人]欧菲柔细纳,400


    Eurasia, Sea of[地]欧亚海,xxi


    Eutychios[人]攸提开俄斯,84


    Fadl Ah Rashid ad-Din Tabib[人]拉施特(法德尔·阿拉赫·拉施特),见Rashid ad-Din


    Fakhr ad-Din Kert[人]法黑剌丁,380,385-386


    Fancheng[地]凡城,287


    Fang Kuo-chen[人]方国珍,323,324


    Faraj[人]法赖吉,447


    Fars[地]法尔斯,151,158,169,260,261,353,354,359,366,382,390,426,431,433,456,457,459,461


    Fatimids[朝]法提玛王朝,154


    Fedor (of Ryazan)[人](里亚赞的)费多尔,616注


    Fedulovo[地]费杜罗沃,16


    Fei-yang-ku[人]费扬古,530


    Fenek[地]费内克,176


    Fengsiang[地]凤翔,257


    Fengyang[地]凤阳(钟离)见Chungli


    Fengyüanfu[地]奉元府(长安),见Changan


    Feodosiya[地]喀发,见Caffa


    Fergana (Ta-yüan)[地]费尔干纳(大宛),xxii,8,28,29,36,40,43,48,116,117,142,144,234,344,423,426,438,463,464,482,486,488,492,494,496,497,498,554注


    Fettich, Nandor[人]弗蒂奇·南朵尔(著有《战国》)67,176,“Fighting States,”见“Warring States”


    Finance[专]财政,见Crimea, Genoese and Vian bankers; Currency; Taxation


    Finno-Ugrian Languages[文]芬兰-乌戈尔语,xxv


    Finno-Ugrians[族]芬兰-乌戈尔种人,10-11,14,15,73,177,178


    Firdausi[人]费尔多希,243


    Five Hordes[族]五部落,56


    Flor des estoires d''Orient[书]《海顿行纪》(参看海顿),见Hayton


    Fokuru[地]富库鲁,8


    Four Confederates[族]四同盟者,参看卫拉特,见Oirat


    Four Garrisons[地]四镇(焉耆、喀什、于阗和库车),见Kara Shahr; Kashgar; Khotan; Kucha


    “Four Tughri”[地]四塔沟里,551注,568注


    Francesco da Podio[人]弗朗希斯科,319


    Francis (of Alexandria)[人]弗朗希斯,342


    Franks[族]法兰克人,56,60,62,173,174,175,178,359-360,364,371,449;参见Syria


    Friuli[地]弗留利,174


    Fu An (Chih Tao)[人]傅安(之道),353,459


    Fu Chien[人]苻坚,59,300


    Fuchow (Fugiu)[地]鄜州,232,287,305,308,311,518,603注


    Fukien[地]福建,287,304,307,308,323,324,518


    Fu-li(as title)[专]附离(称号),87


    Fundukistan[地]法杜克斯坦,51


    Funerary customs[专]葬礼,8,21,23,87,129,546注,591注


    Fungchow[地]丰州,见Yülin


    Fung Fung-shih[人]冯奉世,37


    Fur trading[专]皮毛贸易,403


    Fu-sh? Sin[人]伏阇信,101


    Fu-te[人]富德,542


    Fu-ting[人]福定,603注


    Gaikhatu[人]海合都,309,373,377,612注


    Gtia[地]加拉底亚,157


    Galdan[人]噶尔丹,525-531,540,541


    Galdan Tsereng[人]葛尔丹策零,532,536-537,540,541


    Galicia (Galich)[地]加利西亚(或加利奇),6,8,246,265,266,395


    Galicia, Spanish[地](西班牙的)加利西亚,74


    Galilee[地]加利利,364


    Gandhara[地]犍陀罗,49,65,69,70,71


    Gandharan art[文]犍陀罗艺术,48-49,64,70


    Ganges[地]恒河,69,71,146,168,419


    Ganja[地]刚加,151,263


    Ganja-Karabakh[地]甘扎-卡拉巴克赫,5,545注


    Gardizi[人]迦尔迪齐,177,185,549注


    Garni[地]哈儿尼,见Karni


    Gaul[地]高卢,63,74,76


    Gaza[地]加沙,362,364


    Gazaria[地]可萨尼亚,见Khazaria


    Genoa[地]热那亚,374,375


    Genoese:在希俄斯[族]热那亚人,452;在克里米亚,247,312,374,403-407,442,471;在特拉布松,374


    George (1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),见K?rgüz


    George (死于1298年)[人]阔里吉思,见K?rgüz


    George (son of ''Is?)[人]阔里吉思,304


    Georgia (and Georgians)[地]格鲁吉亚,谷儿只,5,186,245,246,260,263,272,347,350,358,360,364,371,430,433,434,450


    Georgios Tzoulos[人]乔治·佐勒斯,181


    Gepidae[族]吉别达伊人,73,75,78,173


    Ger (tents)[专]廓尔(帐篷),196


    Gerard[人]格拉德,314


    Geray[朝]格来王朝,见Girei


    Gerbillon, Père[人]热比荣,631注


    Geresandza (Geresandza Ochigin)[人]格森札斡惕赤斤,510,511


    Germania[地]日耳曼尼亚,173,179


    Germanic tribes[族]日耳曼部落,55,56,57,60,72-77,82,173,174,175;民族大迁徙,16,54


    Gestes des Chiprois[专](提尔的)圣殿骑士,见Temr of Tyre


    Getae[族]盖特人,548注


    Ghajawan[地]加贾湾,484


    Ghazan[人]合赞,309,373,376-383,396,613注


    Ghazaniyeh[地]加赞尼耶,384


    Ghaznavids,[朝]伽色尼王朝,xxvii, 143-147,149-150,159,167-168


    Ghazni[地]加兹尼城,143,144,159,167-168,170,241,242,382,387,431


    Ghiugiu[地]衢州,见Küchow


    Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1174年)[人]吉雅斯·阿德丁,168


    Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1224年)[人]嘉泰丁,260


    Ghiyath ad-Din (活跃于1270年)[人]八剌,见Baraq


    Ghiyath ad-Din Kert (活跃1307年)[人]嘉泰丁,386,387,389


    Ghiyath ad-Din II Pir ''Ali[人]嘉泰丁二世皮儿·阿里,427


    Ghor[地]古尔山区,167,168,352,382,427


    Ghorids[朝]古尔王朝,167-168,236,339,352-353,574注


    Ghurek (Ikhshedh Ghurek)[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,116,117,118


    Ghuta[地]姑塔,447


    Ghuzz[族]古兹(参看乌古思),见Oghuz


    Gilgit (Little Pulu)[族]吉尔吉特(小勃律),118,119


    Gilotto[人]基罗托,342


    Giorgi III Lasha[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,245,260


    Giorgi VI[人]乔治六世,434


    Giovanni da Marignolli[人]约翰·马黎诺里,319,342,404


    Giovanni da Montecorvino[人]约翰·孟德科维诺,302,313,314,317,318,319,605注


    Girei (Geray)[朝]格来王朝,471,472,473,475,477


    Girei, Hajji[人]哈吉·格来,见Hajji Girei


    Girines[地]吉里勒斯,267


    Gisolf, Buscarel de[人]布斯卡尔,见Buscarel de Gisolf


    Gliadenovo[地]格里亚德罗夫,548注


    Gobi Desert[地]戈壁滩,xxii,xxv,34,61,62,132,133,138,191,196,203,212,234,286,318,424,425,504,505,536;绿洲,参见Tarim


    Godan[人]阔端,259,593注,595注


    Godard, Madame[人]哥达德夫人,51


    G?duk Ahmed-pasha[人]哥杜克阿赫麦德(帕夏),471


    Go?s, Benedict de[人]鄂本笃,见Benedict de Go?s


    Gokcha (Sevan),Lake[地]哥克察克湖(塞凡湖),348,430


    Gold (people)[族]金人,515


    Golden Horde (Altan-ordo; Altunordu)[朝]金帐,参看钦察汗国,395-407,419,420,436,440,441,452,469-471,479;参见Batu; Kipchak khanate


    G?rgüz[人]阔里吉思,见K?rgüz


    Gorki[地]下诺夫哥罗德(高尔基),见Nizhni Novgorod


    Gorodcheskaya[地]哥罗切斯卡亚,558注


    Gorodets[地]戈罗杰茨,470


    Goshi[人]完颜希尹,见Wan-yen Wu-shih


    “Gothia”[地]哥特人之地,406


    Goths[族]哥特人(吉别达伊人,东哥特人,西哥特人),16,56,73;参见Gepidae; Ostrogoths; Visigoths


    Gran (Strigonium; Esztergom)[地]格兰城堡,267


    Grand Canal[地]大运河,309,310


    Great Armenia[地]大亚美尼亚,263,430,433


    Great Bulgaria[朝]大保加利亚国,176


    Great Horde (Ulu-jüz)[朝]大帐(参看吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人),480,488,499,526,532,625注,参见Kirghiz-Kazakhs


    Great Moravia[朝]大摩尔维亚,175,178


    Great Pulu[朝]大勃律,见Baitistan


    Great Wall (of China)[地]长城,xxiv,20,26,34,61,80,85,227,324,507,514,540


    Great Yüeh-chih (Ta Yüeh-chih)[族]大月氏,29


    Greco-Buddhist art[文]希腊-佛教艺术,48-49,50,52,96,99;参见Gandharan art


    Greco-Roman art[文]希腊-罗马艺术,16,18,39,48


    Greco-Scythian art[文]希腊-斯基泰艺术,8,13,15,18


    Gregory X, Pope[人](教皇)格列高利十世,307,308-309,370,371


    Gregory (of Tours)[人](图尔的)格里戈利,174,575注


    Grenard, Fernand[人]格纳德,190,194,223,245,482


    Griaznov, M. P.[人]格里亚兹诺夫(使团),18


    Grillo, Antonio[人]安东尼奥·格利洛,404


    Guichard (of Cremona)[人](克里莫纳的)吉查德,348


    Guilds[专]商会,309-310


    Guiume da Prato[人]纪尧姆·波拉特,319


    Guiume de Hévésy[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,见Hévésy, Guiume de


    Guiume de Munte[人]纪尧姆·蒙特,451


    Guinzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow


    Guiwarguis, Mar[人]马·基瓦古斯,见Mar Guiwarguis


    Gujarat[地]吉莱特,32,444,445


    Gün Biliktü Mergen[人]衮必里克墨尔根,510,511


    Gupta[朝]芨多王朝,69,70


    Gurbesu[人]古儿别速,212,214


    Gurgan[地]古尔甘,390,464


    Gurganj[地]玉龙杰赤(乌尔根奇),见Urgench


    Gurjara[族]瞿析罗人,72


    Gur-khan (as title)[专]古儿罕,165,206,233


    Gur-khan (person)[人]菊儿罕,192,199,206,578注


    Gushi khan[人]顾实汗,523,524,526


    Gushu(banner; administrative division)[专]旗,517,530


    Guy (Guiume)de Longjumeau[人]盖依,273,349


    Güyük[人]贵由,217,264,265,267-273,329,347,348,349,350,352,581注,595注,596注


    Gwalior[地]瓜廖尔,71,146


    Haband[地]哈本德,608注


    Hackin, J.[人]哈辛,41,50,51-52,96


    Hadda[地]哈达,52,99


    Hafiz (活跃于1329年)[人]哈菲兹,390


    Haidarmirza[人]海达尔·米儿咱,穆罕默德·海达尔二世,见Muhammad Haidar II


    Har[人]海剌儿,255


    Hailung[地]海龙,519


    Hajji Bas[人]巴鲁剌思部哈吉,343,345,409,410


    Hajji Girei[人]哈吉·格来,471


    Hajji Muhammad[人]哈吉·穆罕默德,487


    Hajji-tarkhan[地]哈只·塔儿塞(阿斯特拉罕),见Astrakhan


    Hakozaki (Hakata)Bay[地]博多(筥崎)湾,289


    Hchar[地]兴庆府,132


    Ha-li[人]阿力,见''Ali (活跃于1473年)


    Hallong-osso[地]贺垅·欧沙,25


    Hallstatt culture[文]哈尔希塔特文化,6,10,11


    Hama[地]哈马城,362,442


    Hamadan (Ecbatana)[地]哈马丹,40,155,158,167,240,245,246,355,359,426,433,456


    Hami (Camul)[地]哈蜜(伊吾),xxii,42,55,64,83,85,89,95,166,305,312,400,453,494,495-496,497,499,507,528,531,536,537;参见Yiwu


    Han (river)[地]汉水,138,227,258,282,287


    Han, early[朝]前汉(西汉),xxx,13,25,26,27,34-38


    Han,te (A. D. 25)[朝]东汉,xxiii,39,41-48,54


    Han,te (947)[朝]后汉,见Hou-Han


    Han, Pei-[朝]北汉,见Pei-Han


    Han?ar, Franz[人]弗朗兹·汉卡,11


    Hanchung (Nancheng)[地]汉中(南郑),58,258


    Hanefites[宗]哈纳菲派(伊斯兰教派别),400


    Hangchow (Campsay; Cansay; Guinzai; Khansa; Khanzai; Khingsai; Khinsa; Quinsai)[地]杭州,137,138,189,282,287,305,308,310,316,518,604注


    Hankow[地]汉口,259,284,302


    Hanoi[地]河内,284,290


    Hanyang[地]汉阳,286,323


    Han Yen-huei[人]汉延惠,129


    Haran[地]哈兰,361


    Harbin[地]哈尔滨,128,136,137,138,519


    Hari Pushpa[人]诃黎布失毕,见Ho-li Pu-shih-pi


    Harqasun[人]阿尔哈森,见Arghasun


    Harun ar-Rashid[人]哈仑拉施特,181,241


    Hasan ''Ali[人]哈散阿里,462


    Hasan Brosh[人]哈森·布鲁希,356,360


    hasan Buzurg (Hasan the Jir)[人]大哈森·布朱儿(札剌儿部哈森),389,390


    Hasan Küchük[人]小哈森·库楚克,389


    Hasan-tigin[人]哈森特勤,159


    Harsha[人](印度皇帝)戒日王,72


    Ha-shen[人]罕慎,495-496


    Hattin-sum[地]哈屯森,25


    Hayathelites[族]莚哒人,见Ephthalites


    Hayton (Hethum), Flor des estoires d''Orient[人]海顿,282,361,363,371,373,378


    Hazrat Apak (Afak)[人]哈司剌·阿巴克(白山派首领),501,527,528


    Hazrat Makhdumi Nura[人]哈司剌·马黑杜米·奴烈,500


    Heaven[宗]长生天,腾格里,见T?ngri


    Hecatompylos (Shahrud)[地]赫卡托姆皮洛斯(和椟城),40


    Hei-ssu[人]黑厮,304


    Heliocles[人]赫利克勒斯,30


    Hellenistic art[文]希腊艺术xxvi,12,18,25,39,48


    Helmand[地]赫尔曼德河,428


    Henry III (of Castile)[人]亨利三世,453


    Henry I (of Cyprus)[人]亨利一世,271


    Henry (of Silesia)[人]亨利,266


    Heraclea Pontica (Eregli)[地]赫拉克利庞蒂亚(埃雷利),174


    Heraclius[人]希拉克略,174,179


    Herat[地]赫拉特,哈烈,也里,68,85,116,167,168,241,242,334,340,343,352,354,369,370,380,385,386,390,426,427,428,445,457,459,461,465,481-482,484,485,498


    Herodian[人]赫洛店,84


    Herodotus[人]希罗多德,8,9,10,21,23,392,545注-549注,552


    Herrmann, Albert[人]赫尔曼·阿尔伯特,20,35,41,42,172,214


    Herzfeld, E.[人]赫兹菲德,50


    Hethum I[人]海屯一世,263,264,269,271,281-282,360,361,362,363


    Hethum II[人]海屯二世,379,382


    Hethum (monk)[人]海顿和尚,见Hayton


    Heu Kiun-tsi[人]侯君集,98


    Heves[地]赫淮什,8


    Hévésy, Guiume de[人]纪尧姆·赫威塞,xxv,576注


    Hezarasp[地]赫扎拉斯普,159,488,521


    Hie-li (El)[人]颉利,90,92


    Hien[人]贤,43


    Hierapolis[地]海俄拉城,见Menbij


    Hieu-ch''u[族]休屠部,35


    Himyas[地]喜马拉雅,xxi


    Hinchow[地]忻州,107


    Hinduism[宗]印度教,315,417,443,445,446


    Hindu Kush[地]兴都库什山,68,69,71,85,93,241,244,343,346


    Hirado-shima[地]平卢岛,289


    Hissar[地]喜萨尔,464,484


    History of the Conqueror of the World[书]《世界征服者史》,见Juvaini


    Hiu K''ang-tsung[人]许亢宗</a>,134


    Hizen[地]肥前省,289


    Hochow (Hochwan)[地]合州(合川),284


    Hochung (Puchow)[地]河中(浦州),137,233,257


    Hochwan[地]合川(合州),见Hochow


    Hojo Tokimune[人]北条时宗,289


    Hokien (Cacianfu)[地]河间,130,132,137,229,230,308,604注


    Ho K''iu-ping[人]霍去病,35


    Ho Ko-tu-lu[人]合骨咄禄,见Alp Qutlugh


    Ho-lien[族]赫连部,61


    Holin[地]和林,见Karakorum


    Ho-li Pu-shih-pi (Hari Pushpa)[人]诃黎布失毕,99-100,101


    Ho-lo-ma[人]合剌,138,139


    Ho-lu[人]贺鲁,102-103


    Holwan[地]霍尔湾,169,355


    Holy Land[宗]圣地,373-376;参见Crusades and crusaders; Jerusalem


    Homs[地]霍姆斯,362,365,371,378,382,447


    Honan[地]河南,4,57,58,59,61,65,137,138,227,232,255,257,258,259,283,517


    Honoria[人]荷罗丽娅,76


    Honorius IV, Pope[人](教皇)霍诺留斯四世,373,374


    Hopei[地]河北,xxvi,3,19,25,54,57,58,59,60,65,106,108,127,128,129,131,136,137,138,164,229,230,232,284,325,507,519


    Hormuz (Ormuz)[地]霍尔木兹,忽里模子,305,309,312,313,315


    Horse[专]马手,xxvi,12,223,549注,554注,stirrup,8,176,546注;参见Archers, mounted


    Ho-shang (Buddhist monks)[宗]和尚,602注


    Ho-ti[人](东汉)和帝,42


    Hotien[地]于阗,和田,见Khotan


    Hou-Chao[朝]后赵,57-58


    Hou-Chin[朝]后金,127,129-130


    Hou-Ch''in[朝]后秦,59


    Hou-Chou[朝]后周,130,131


    Hou-Han[朝]后汉,130


    Hou Han Shu[书]《后汉书</a>》,30,31,32


    Hou-Liang (4th-5th cent.)[朝]后梁(4-5世纪),60


    Hou-Liang (10th cent.)[朝]后梁(10世纪),126


    Hou-T''ang[朝]后唐,127


    Hou-Yen[朝]后燕,59,60


    Howorth, H. H.[人]豪沃思,439,440


    Hoyin-irgen (forest hunters)[专]槐因·亦儿坚(林中人),195


    Hsaihsien[地]怀来县(妫州),见Kweichow


    Hsia[朝]夏朝,61


    Hsia, Hsi-[朝]西夏,见Hsi-Hsia


    Hsiang-shan[人]香山,603注


    Hsiao-shih[人]肖氏,131


    Hsia Yüeh-chih[族]小月氏,28-29


    Hsi-Ch''in[朝]西秦,60


    Hsien[朝]速古泰国,见Sukhotai


    Hsien-pi[族]鲜卑人,xxiv,xxviii,xxix,39,46,47,53-54,55,61,89,193,283,;参见Mu-jung; T''u-yü-huen


    Hsien-sheng (Taoist monks)[宗]先生(道教和尚),602注


    Hsien-yün[族] 狁(匈奴),见Hsiung-nu


    Hsi-Hsia[朝]西夏,26,132,133,189,212,226-227,247,330


    Hsi-Hsia script[文]西夏文,133


    Hsiung-nu (Hsien-yün; Hsiun-yü),[族]匈奴人( 狁,荤粥),xxii,xxiv,xxviii,8,13,15,17-21,23-29,32,34-39,41-48,50,53-54,55,56,61,72,75,76,81,176,217,224,256,283,417,546注,553注-554注;参见Hou-Chao; Hu (tribe); Huns; Ts''ien-Chao


    Hsi-Wei[朝]西魏,65,66,81


    Hsi-Yen[朝]西燕,59


    Hsüan-ti[人]汉宣帝,38


    Hsüan-tsang[人]玄奘</a>,70,85,93,94,95-96,98,99,100-101,116,315


    Hsüan-tsung[人]唐玄宗</a>,111,112,114,117,118,120,128,565注


    Hsü Chou-huei[人]徐寿辉,323


    Hsü Ta[人]徐达,325,502


    Hu (queen)[人]胡太后,65


    Hu (tribe)[族]胡人,19-20;参见Hsiung-nu


    Huai-jen[人]怀仁可汗,见Qutlugh Bilg?


    Huang Ch''ao[人]黄巢,126


    Hu-ch''u-ch''uan[人]呼厨泉,56


    Hudud Al-m[书]《世界境域志》,148,177


    Huen-shih[族]浑邪部,35


    Hu-han-ch''eng[地]忽汗城,515


    Hu-han-ye[族]呼韩邪,37-38


    Hui-tsung[人]宋徽宗</a>,134,136-137


    Hu-kie[族]呼揭,38


    Hul?gu (Hku)[人]旭烈兀,282,285,296,305,331,349,353-367,372,397-398,419,609注


    Hul?gu, house of[族]旭烈兀家族,311,327,333,334,339,386,387,396


    Hku[人]旭烈兀,见Hul?gu


    Hulun Nor[地]呼伦诺尔,见Di Nor


    Humayun[人]胡马云,484


    Humi[地]护密(瓦罕),见Wakhan


    Huna[族]参看莚哒,见Ephthalites; Huns


    Hunan[地]湖南,284,287,323


    Hungariannguage[文]匈牙利语言,177


    Hungarians[族]匈牙利人,马扎尔人,见Magyars


    Hungary[地]匈牙利,xxiii,8,72,174,176,266-267,395,449


    Hungchow[地]洪州(南昌),见Nanchang


    Hung-wu (Chu Yüan-chang)[人]洪武帝(朱元璋),323-324,325,453


    Huni (Kunni)[族]昆尼部,171,172;参见Uarkhonites


    Hunni[族]参看匈人,见Huns


    Hunnic art[文]匈奴艺术,12,13-14,17,18,19,24-26,37,50,176


    Hunnugur (Viguri)[族]昆奴格尔,172


    Huns (Huna; Hunni)[族]匈人,xxiii,xxvi,7-8,19,21,23-24,55,72-76,78-79,80,190,224;参见individual tribes


    Huns, White[族]白匈奴(莚哒人)见Ephthalites


    Hunting[专]狩猎部落,195,224,226


    Hupeh[地]湖北,137,259,284,287,323


    Hu-pi-lie[人]忽必烈,见Kui


    Hurka (Mutan)[地]忽尔卡河,515,516


    Husain (活跃于1280年)[人]哈散,601注


    Husain (活跃于1326年)[人]胡赛因,387


    Husain (Mir Husain;活跃于1360年)[人]迷里忽辛,346,409,411-416


    Husain-i Baiqara[人]速檀·忽辛·拜哈拉,243,417,464-465,481


    Husain Jir[人]胡赛因·札剌儿,390,429


    Husain Kert[人]穆兹哀丁·胡赛因,见Mu''izz ad-Din Kert


    Husain Sufi (活跃于1360年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,421


    Husain Sufi (活跃于1505年)[人]胡赛因·苏菲,481


    Hu San-sheng[人]胡三省</a>,570注


    Hu-sha-hu[人]胡沙虎,197,230


    Huvishka[人]胡韦斯迦,32


    Hu-yen[族]呼衍,42,47,48


    Hwai[地]淮河,58,59,64,65,137,138,139,227,308


    Hwaian (Coigangiu)[地]淮安,308


    Hwaining[地]会宁,138


    Hwangchow[地]黄州,137,259,287


    Hweichung[地]回中皇宫,34


    Hyacinthus[人]雅琴夫,210


    Iaci[地]押赤,见Yunnan (town)


    Ianzu[地]扬州,见Yangchow


    Ibak[人]伊巴克,471,489


    Ibaqa-b?ki[人]亦必合别吉,212,583注


    Ibn al-Athir[人]伊本·艾西尔,186,245,262,573注,590注


    Ibn ''Arabshah[人]伊本·阿拉不沙,431,435,442,448,451,470,623注


    Ibn-Batuta[人]伊本·白图泰,311


    Ibn-Fadhan, Ris[人]伊本·法德罕,181


    Ibn Hajar Asqni[人]伊本·哈扎尔·阿斯卡拉尼,442


    Ibn-Khaldun[人]伊本·哈尔顿,447-448


    Ibrahim (死于1156年)[人]易不拉欣,574注


    Ibrahim (活跃于1468年)[人]易不拉欣,473


    Ibrahim ibn-Inal[人]易不拉欣·伊本·伊纳尔,150,151


    Ibrahim Ong (Wang)[人]亦不剌忻·王,508


    Iconium[地]伊康,153


    Idakou, Idaku[专]亦都护(称号),见Idiqu


    Idigutschai[人]亦都护集乃,122,563注


    Idiqu (Idakou; Idaku; Yedigei)[人]亦敌忽,440,442,470,622注


    Idiqut (iduq-qut; as title)[专]亦都护,588注


    Iduq-qut[专]亦都护,见Idiqut


    Igor (活跃于944年)[人]伊戈尔,182


    Ikhshedh Ghurek[人]伊克谢德·胡拉克,见Ghurek


    Iki-?güz[族]埃基·乌古思人,277


    Ikir?[族]亦乞剌思部,194,207


    Iki-shima[地]壹岐岛,289


    mish[地]伊拉米什草原,169


    njouc[地]吉兰乞克河,见Jnchik


    Ilbars[人]伊勒巴斯,487


    Ilbars II[人]伊勒巴斯二世,488


    Ilbilg?[人]颉利毗伽可敦,103


    Ildegiz[人]伊尔第吉兹,158


    Ilduchi, Thomas[人]托马斯·伊尔杜奇,384


    Ilek[地]伊列克河,394,478


    Ilek Nasr[人]伊列克·纳斯尔(阿尔斯兰·伊列克·纳斯尔),见Arn Ilek Nasr


    Ilham[人]伊尔哈姆,473


    Ili (Ah)[地]伊犁河,xxiii,xxix,29,37,38,45,53,67,82,83,89,109,114,115,117,118,119,120,144,145,147,165,172,233,234,235,236,254,270,272,277,286,292,293,305,312,319,326,327,332,333,338,341,342,344,409-413,417,420,422,423,424,425,460,461,463,482,491,492,493,495,497,499,501,504,506,507,508,522,525,-529,531,532,537,538,542,626注


    Ilibaligh[地]亦里八力,453


    Il-khan (as title)[专]伊儿汗(称号),296


    Ilkhe-Alyk[地]埃里克,25,549注


    Ilqa[人]亦剌合(参看桑昆),见S?ngün


    Iltutmish[人]伊勒特迷失,260


    Ilyas[人]伊牙思,452


    Ilyas-khoja[人]也里牙思火者,346,410,411-412,422


    Ilyas Ong[人]也里牙思王,508


    Imeretia[地]埃麦利蒂亚,272,350


    Imil[地]额敏河,叶密立河,xxiii,38,82,114,164,255,269,270,272,273,277,286,291,293,295,312,332,333,349,424,523,525,526,531,532,538


    Inal (as title)[专]亦纳勒(称号),191


    Inalchiq (Qadir-khan)[人]亦纳乞克(哈亦儿汗),238,589注


    Inanch-bilg?[人]亦难赤必勒格,190-191,192,204,205,213


    India[地]印度,32,49,69,70,71-72,80,146,168,241,242,260,311,315,339,340,341,417,419,420,434,443-446,484,498,499


    Indian art[文]印度艺术,48,49,50,96;参见Buddhist art


    Indian Ocean[地]印度洋,311


    Indigirka[地]因迪吉尔卡河,xxv


    Indochina[地]印度支那,284,289-290


    Indo-Europeannguages[文]印欧语,xxiii,28,40,96


    Indo-European oases[地]印欧绿洲(塔里木盆地),见Tarim


    Indo-Scythians[族]印度-塞人(贵霜人,月氏人),27,28,49;参见Kushan; Yüeh-chih


    Indravarman IV[人]因陀罗诺曼四世,290


    Indus[地]印度河,71,241,340,444


    Inju (revenue)[专]引主(税收),253


    Inkagir[族]伊卡基尔人,515


    Innocent IV, Pope[人]教皇英诺森四世,217,270,348,349


    Ioguristan[地]畏兀儿斯坦,见Uiguristan


    Ionia[地]伊洛尼亚,452


    Ionians (Yavana)[地](希腊人称)大宛(费尔干纳),554注


    Ips[地]伊普萨拉,184


    Iranjin[人]伊剌金,383


    Irano-Buddhist art[文]伊朗-佛教艺术,51-52,96,97-98


    Iraq ''Ajami[地]伊剌克·阿只迷,150,151,158,159,160,167,236,240,260,261,351,353,354,372,381,389,420,429,453,457,458,459,461,462


    Iraq ''Arabi[地]伊剌克阿拉比,151,158,169,245,315,433,434,456,458,461


    Irdana (Erdeni)[人]额尔德尼,488


    Irene (wife of Constantine V),[人]伊拉尼皇后,179


    Irgen (tribe)[专]亦儿坚(部落),579注


    Irgiz[地]伊尔吉兹河,149,394,478


    Iron age[专]铁器时代,6,11,17-18


    Iron Gates[地]铁门,86,93,342,411


    Irrawaddy[地]伊洛瓦底江,290,291,308


    Irtysh[地]额尔齐斯,也儿的石河,61,109,119,148,185,215,244,254,268,292,478,489,490,504,523,524;参见ck Irtysh


    Isa[人]伊萨,452


    ''Is? (Jesus; Ai-sie)[人]伊萨,304


    Isfarain[地]亦思法拉因,428,485


    Isfendiyar[人]伊斯芬迪亚,521


    Isfendiyar-oglu[族]伊斯芬迪亚家族,452


    Isfijab[地]伊斯法吉勃(赛拉姆城),见Sairam


    Ishim-khan[人]伊斯姆汗,521,526


    Ishkalcha[地]伊斯卡察(阿曼科赫堡),见Amankoh


    Ishkapai[人]伊斯卡帕,8


    Isho[人]伊索,见Yi-sho


    Ishthakri[人]伊斯塔克里,182


    Iskander (活跃于1400年)[人]米儿咱·伊斯堪答儿,见Mirza Iskander


    Iskander (活跃于1429年)[人]昔干答儿,456,457,458,459


    Iskander (1560-83)[人]伊斯坎德尔,485,486


    Isker[朝]失必儿国,见Sibir


    Im[宗]伊斯兰教,114,115,118,120,121,142,145,180,220,235,243,244,281,297,300,312,328,330,344,359,360,361,379,383,396,397,405,416-417,443,445,446,453,522,527,628注;哈纳菲派,400;圣战,152,237,297,416,450,451-452;499;易司马仪派,353,354,367;Shafi''ites, 400;法典,416;十叶派,142-143,150,151,390,483,484;逊尼派,142-143,145,150,152,390,483,484


    Im Girei II[人]伊斯兰·格来,472


    Isma''il (活跃于1272年)[人]伊斯迈尔,287


    Isma''il (活跃于1510年)[人]伊斯迈尔,483


    Isma''il (活跃于1678年)[人]伊斯迈尔汗(萨菲朝沙赫),500,501,527,528


    Isma''il II (活跃于1540年)[人]伊斯迈尔(波斯沙赫),485


    Isma''il ibn-Ahmed[人]伊斯迈尔·伊本·阿赫默德,142


    Isma''ilis (Assassins)[宗]易司马仪教派,353,354,367


    Ispahan[地]伊斯法罕,xxix,151,153,260,261,390,391,431,432,433,436,456,457,458,459,461,462


    Isra''il[人]伊斯莱尔,149


    Issedones[族]伊赛多涅斯人,10-11,547注


    Issedon Scythica[地]伊塞顿·斯基卡,41


    Issedon Serica[地]伊塞顿·塞里卡,41


    Issyk Kul[地]伊塞克湖,xxiii,xxvi,83,87,93,95,102,114,115,119,120,133,145,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,236,254,272,273,312,326,340-344,422,425,460,491,494,499,532


    Ist?mi (Shih-tie-mi; Sinjibu; Silzibul)[人]室点蜜,82,83,84,86


    Itil (river)[地]伊提尔河(伏尔加河),见Volga


    Itil (town; al-Baida; Sarigh-shin; Saqsin)[地]伊提尔城,180,577注


    ?tüg?n[地]於都斤山,见?tüg?n


    Ivailo (Lakhanas)[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),402


    Ivan I[人]伊凡一世,404


    Ivan III (the Great)[人]伊凡三世(大帝),395,470,471


    Ivan IV (the Terrible)[人]伊凡四世(伊凡雷帝),475,489


    Ivane[人]伊万涅,261,263


    Izmir[地]士麦那,见Smyrna


    Izmit (Nedia)[地]伊兹米特(尼科美底亚),184


    Iznik[地]伊兹尼克(尼西亚),见Nicaea


    Jacobites[宗]雅各派,357,361,368


    Jaffa[地]贾法,360


    Jagambu (Jaqambu)[人]札阿绀孛,204,205,206,212,581注


    Jagan[人]札甘,541


    Jagatai (Chagatai)[人]察合台,229,238,239,254-255,269,326,328,589注,592注,606注


    Jagatai, house of[族]察合台家族,271,273,274,292-296,303,305,306,315,319,326-336,338-346,358,366,382,384,386,397,401,403,409-411,413,417,419,421,424,453,460,461;参见Mogholistan


    Jaghun (army captain)[专]札温(百夫长),222


    J?gün-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar


    Jagiello[人]雅杰罗,441


    Jahangir[人]只罕杰儿,421,423,456


    Jahan Shah[人]只罕沙,459,461-462


    Jahan Soz[人]贾汗·索兹,167-168


    Jajirat (Juirat)[族]札只剌惕,194,201,207,213,215


    Jl ad-Din Manguberti (M?ngüberti)[人]札兰丁·曼古伯惕,xxvii,237,241-242,259-261,262,347,418,590注


    Jn[人]扎兰,530


    Jalish[地]察力失(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr


    J?m[地]剑河,见Ch?m


    Jamahar (rattle)[专]象声词牟牟,377


    Jamal ad-Din Mahmud[人]贾马阿丁·马合木,598注


    Jamal Qarshi[人]贾马尔·喀什,332,334


    Jaman Aq-k?l[地]贾曼阿克库尔,439


    James (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦</a>萨的)詹姆斯,608注


    James, Mar[人]马·詹姆斯,见Mar James


    Jami[人]札米,465


    Jami-ut-Tavarikh[书]《史集》,见Rashid ad-Din


    Jammu[人]朱木拿大公,446


    Jamuqa[人]札木合,201,202,203,206-207,209,212-216,584注


    Jan[人]札尼伯,486


    Jan ''Ali[人]杰·阿里,475


    Janggin[专]章京,530


    Janibeg (1340-57)[人]札尼别汗,389,400,405


    Janibeg (活跃于约1460年)[人]札你贝,479-480


    Janids[朝]札尼家族,见Astrakhanids


    Janizaries[专]雅内萨里(近卫军),451


    Jaochow[地]饶州,324


    Jaqambu[人]札阿绀孛,见Jagambu


    Japan[朝]日本,289


    Japan, Sea of[地]日本海,516


    Jarliq[专]札里雅黑,见Yarligh


    Jasa[专]扎撒,见Yasaq


    Jasak (prince)[专]宗王,517


    Jasaq[专]扎撒,见Yasaq


    Jasrat[人]贾斯腊特,444


    Jaunpur[朝]札温普儿王国,444


    Java[地]爪哇,291,311,315


    Jaxartes[地]锡尔河,见Sy''r Darya


    Jayagatu (jaya''atu)[专](蒙古语)天国在地上的代表或使者,585注


    Jayan-buqa[人]者燕不花,603注


    Jak (Djak; ka)[人]迪杰拉克,402


    Jazira, Al[地]阿勒贾兹拉,361


    Jazyges[族]贾兹基人,72


    Jean de Carcassonne[人]让·德·卡尔卡松,273,349


    Jean sans Peur[人]琼·桑·普尔,449


    Jebe[人]者别(哲别),207,214,228,229,236,240,245-246,247,260,264,582注


    Jegün-ghar (j?gün-ghar; je''un-ghar; jun-ghar; segon-ghar;left or east wing)[专]左翼军,223,509,520,629注


    Jehol (Wu-liang-ha)[地]热河,xxii,25,54,83,108,112,127,136,138,164,285,507,538


    Jeje''er Undur[地]杰杰儿·乌都儿,212,583注


    Jeku[人]术客,见Chaka


    Jirs[族]札剌儿部人,194,197,201,389-390,391,405,420,426,429,430


    Jelme[人]者勒蔑,207,214


    Jend,[地]真德(今波罗威斯附近),149,238


    Jenghiz Khan (Temujin; Chinggiskhan)[人]成吉思汗(铁木真</a>),xxiv,xxvi-xxvii,xxviii,20,78,169,170,186,193-194,195-196,199-244,247-252,259-260,301,320,328,394,414,417,419-420,516,539,580注,581注,586注,591注;之死,248;说明,199,249-250;法典,格言,221;军旗,210,216,217;死后土地分配,253-256


    Jenkshi (Djenkshi)[人]靖克失汗,341


    Jerome (of Florence)[人](佛罗伦萨的)捷罗姆,314


    Jerqabchiqai[地]杰哈齐海峡谷,583注


    Jerusalem[地]耶路撒冷城,302,303,360,361,368,369,374


    Jesusabran, Mar,[人]马·耶酥沙布兰,见Mar Jesusabran


    Je''un-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar


    Jihun[地]古浑河,370


    Jnchik (njouc)[地]吉兰乞克河,439


    Jinong (as title)[专]济农(称号),509


    Jnanagupta[人]阇那崛多,562注


    J?chi[人]术赤,198,201,209,229,238,239,247,253-254,351,392,394,589注


    J?chi, house of[族]术赤家族,272,273,339,393,394,398;参见Kipchak khanate


    John (of Brienne)[人]约翰王,245-246


    John II (Comnenus)[人]约翰二世,185


    John VI (Patriarch of Baghdad)[人]约翰六世,191


    John VII (Peologus)[人]约翰七世,452


    John XXII, Pope[人](教皇)约翰二十二世,404


    Joinville, Jean de[人]约因维尔,252


    Jordan (river)[地]约旦河,364


    Jordanes[人]约丹尼斯,xxix,73,74,76,78


    Joseph (活跃于948年)[人]约瑟,181


    Juan-juan (Ju-juan; Kermikhions)[族]柔然,xxiv,xxix,60-64,66,67,80,81-82,171,172,173,176,193,216,217,231,417,575注;参见Avars


    Juban[人]出班,见Chopan


    Ju-chen[族]女真人,见Jurchid


    Judaism[宗]犹太教,180-181,379


    Juirat[族]札只剌惕部,见Jajirat


    Ju-juan[族]参看柔然,见Juan-juan


    Julien (of Sidon)[人](西顿的)儒连,364


    Jumna[地]朱木那河,445


    Jung, Pei-[族]北戎,见Pei-Jung


    Jungar[族]准噶尔,见Dzungar


    Jungdu[地]中都,见Peking


    Jun-ghar[专]左翼军,见Jegün-ghar


    Jungshiyabo[族]永谢布,见Kharachin


    Juning[地]汝宁(蔡州),见Ts''aichow


    Jurched?i (Jurched?i-noyan)[人]主儿扯歹,210,583注


    Jurchid (Ju-chen; Jurche; Jurchen)[族]女真人,xxvi,xxviii,66,128,130,133,134,136-140,164,189,190,196,231,233,288,515-516;参见Kin


    Jurchid script[文]女真文,516


    Jurjan[人]朱尔赞,428


    Jurkin (Jurki)[族]主儿乞部(主儿金部),202,204,581注


    Justin II[人]查士丁尼二世,83-84


    Justinian[人]查士丁尼,79,172,173


    Justinian II[人]查士丁尼二世,177,179


    Juvaini ('' ad-Din Juvaini),Ta''rikh-i Jahan-gusha (History of the Conqueror of the World)[人]志费尼《世界征服者史》,168,190,236,239,266,267,326,329,367,396,397,574注,589注,609注


    Jüz[专]玉兹(帐)625注


    Juzjani, Tabaqat-i-Nasiri[人]朱兹贾尼(《宗教保卫者一览表》),199,396,588注,589注


    Kabadian (Mikoyanabad)[地]米高扬纳巴德,342


    Kabaka[地]卡巴卡,626注


    Kaba-matan (Mitan)[地]卡巴·马坦,411


    Kabars[族]卡巴尔人,178


    Kabil-shah[人]哈比勒·沙,见Kabul-shah


    K?bt?ül (k?bt?wüt, k?bt?''üt; army guards)[专]值夜班者,222


    Kabul[地]喀布尔,32,50,68,69,70,71,80,119,143,241,340,346,409,411,412,414,426,456,457,483,484


    Kabul-shah (Kabil-shah)[人]哈比勒·沙,411,416


    Kadphises I[人]卡德菲斯一世,见Kuj (Kujolo)Kadphises


    Kadphises II[人]卡德菲斯二世,见Vima Kadphises,32


    Kaesong[地]开城,259


    Kaichow[地]开州(澶州),见Shenchow


    Kaifeng (P''ien; Taliang)[地]开封(汴),xxix,57,127,130,132,133,137,138,227,230,232,257,258,259,296,310,323,324


    Kai-Kawus II[人]凯卡兀思,272,350,354,359,399-400


    Kai-Khosrau[人]凯库思老,263


    Kai-Khosrau III[人]凯库思老三世,370


    Kai Kia-yun[人]盖嘉远,115


    Kailu[地]开鲁(应昌),见Yingchang


    Kai-Qobad II[人]凯库巴德二世,382


    K''ai Yüan[人]海云,276


    Kakheth[地]卡希什,434


    Kakhetia[地]卡希底亚,356


    Kakrak[地]卡克拉克,50-51


    Kalgan[地]张家口,25,230,510,529,530


    Kali[地]卡里,18


    Kalka (Kalmius)[地]迦勒迦(卡尔米乌斯)河,246,247,407,436


    Kalmucks[族]卡尔梅克人(卫拉特人),487,488,501,506,515,520-525,531;参见Dzungar; Oirat


    Kaluga[地]卡卢加,73


    Kama[地]卡马河,176,177,247,264,392,393,472


    Kam[人]甘麻剌,294,600注


    Kamchatka[地]堪察加半岛,515


    Kamennaya baba[地]卡曼纳雅·巴巴河(额尔齐斯河上游),556注


    Kamil Muhammad, al-[人]卡米勒·穆罕默德,360-361


    Kanchow (Campiciu; Kansan; Kutsang; in Kansu)[地]甘州(在甘肃境内),35,61,112,125,133,286,302,306,318,499


    Kanchow (Kiangsi)[地]赣州(江西),见Kienchow


    Kanda[地]坎塔(撒马尔罕),见Samarkand


    Kandahar[地]坎大哈,31,32,69,143,340,429,456,457


    Kandikh[人]坎迪赫,172


    K''ang-hsi[人]康熙</a>,xxx,518,519,529-533,536


    Kanghwa[地]江华岛,259,289


    K''ang-kiu[地]康居(索格底亚那),见Sogdiana


    Kanishka[人]迦腻色迦,32


    Kanjur[书]《甘珠尔经》,514


    Kankhli[族]康里突厥人,165


    Kansan[地]甘肃,见Kanchow (Kansu)


    Kansu[地]甘肃,xxiii,3,4,27,28,32,35,37,44,47,48,53,54,59,60,66,112,118,125,128,133,189,226,247,251,283,286,294,302,303,312,321,369,496,499,505,510,527,538


    Kan Ying[人]甘英,47


    Kaochang[朝]高昌(吐鲁番),见Turfan


    Kao Hing[人]高兴,291


    Kao-kiu[族]高车,61,81;参见T?l?ch


    Kaoliang[地]高粱河,131


    Kao Sien-chih[人]高仙芝,115,119,120


    Kao-ti[人]汉高帝(汉高祖),27


    Kao-tsung (650-683)[人]唐高宗,102,103,106,107


    Kao-tsung (12th cent.)[人]宋高宗</a>,137,138


    Kapal[地]卡帕尔城,272,277


    Kapisa (Ki-pin)[朝]迦毕试国(罽宾),69,119


    Karabakh[地]卡拉巴,见Arran


    Karabalgasun[地]哈喇巴喇哈森,xxiv,114,121,122,124,128,256,568注


    Karahisar[地]卡拉希沙尔,452


    Karakhanids[朝]哈拉汗朝,133,144-149,152-153,159,164-166,168,169,235,237


    Kara-Khitai[族]喀喇契丹,(黑契丹),xxix,159-160,164-169,186,189,204,215,233-236,326


    Kara-khoja[地]哈拉火州(哈剌火州),见Turfan


    Karakhoto (Yi-tsi-nai; Etzina)[地]哈拉霍托(古名亦集乃城),133


    Kara-Kirghiz (Burut)[族]喀喇吉尔吉斯人,501,522,536


    Karakol[地]克拉科尔,18,110,491


    Karakorum (Holin)[地]哈拉和林(和林),xxiv,20,34,83,114,191,214,256,259,269,272,276,280,281,282,285,286,288,292,294,312,321,326,336,338,350,502,507,510,511,528,537,540,592注


    Kara-Kum[地]卡拉库姆沙漠,xxii,107


    Karaman (dynasty)[朝]卡拉曼朝,160,382,385,389,391,449,452


    Karaman (ce)[地]卡拉曼(拉兰达),见Laranda


    Kara Muren[地]卡拉木仑河(黄河),见Yellow River


    Kara Sengir Tughai[地]卡拉森吉尔角,481


    Kara Shahr (Agni; Chalish; Cialis; Jalish; Yenki)[地]喀拉沙尔(焉耆·察力失),xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43,45,46,48,52,59,61,62,95,98-99,103,107,114-115,125,144,233,420,424,491,493,497,498,563注


    Karashahringuage[文]焉耆语,28,40,96


    Kara-Su[地]卡拉苏河,376


    Karasuk[文]卡拉苏克文化,5


    Kara-Tal (Qaratal)[地]哈拉塔尔,425,436,491,621注,625注


    Kara-Tau[地]卡拉套山,393


    Kara-Turgai (Ataqaroghai; Anacargou)[地]卡拉图尔盖河(阿塔合儿灰,阿纳哈儿浑),439


    Kara-yus (Pisannaya gora)[地]卡拉攸斯(皮沙那亚戈拉谷地),556注


    Karb[地]卡尔巴拉,433


    Karchin[族]喀喇沁部,见Kharachin


    Karlgren[人]卡尔格林,24-25


    Karni (Garni)[地]哈儿尼260


    Kars[地]卡尔斯,263,281,430


    Karshi (Qarshi)[地]卡尔施城,341,342,345,412,438,457


    Kartlia[人]卡特利亚,272,350


    Karun[地]哈尼,240


    Kashan[地]卡尚城,305


    Kashgar (Shufu; Cascar)[地]喀什城(疏附),xxii,xxiii,xxv,28,29,40,41,43,44,45,50,52,95,96,100-101,103,107,114-115,133,145,147,164,165,235,303,306,312,327,344,422,425,426,460,461,463,485,491-495,498,500,501,527,528,532,540,541,542


    Kashgari (person)[人]喀什噶里,185


    Kashgaria (Alti-shahr)[地]喀什噶尔,xxv,8,43,46,48,133,142,144-145,147,148,149,159,164,165,189,233,235,236,255,277,292,293,303,326,338,344,368,422,425,448,485,491,494,497,499,500,501,527,528,537,538,541,542


    K?shik (guard)[专]怯薜(护卫军),213,222


    Kashmir[地]克什米尔,71,118,119,446,498,499


    Kasimov[地]卡西莫夫城,472


    Kasinskoye[地]卡西斯科耶,16


    Kastamonu[地]卡斯塔莫努,449,452


    Katanda[地]卡坦塔,18,19


    Kath[地]柯提,421,487,521


    Kavadh[人]喀瓦德,68


    Kaveripatnam[地]加韦里伯德讷姆,311


    Kayal[地]卡亚尔,见Cail


    Kayseri[地]开塞利,263,281,370,389,391,449,451


    Kazakhs[族]哈萨克人(吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人)见Kirghiz-Kazakhs


    Kazakhstan[地]哈萨克斯坦,5,393


    Kazan (person)[人]哈赞,342


    Kazan (ce)[地]喀山,13,73,176,405,441,470,471,472,473,475


    Kazerun[地]卡泽伦,366


    Kazvin[地]可疾云(加兹温),142,240,245,312,372,458


    Kazyr[地]克孜尔河,558注


    Kebek[人]怯别,295,338,339-340,341,386


    Kebek II[人]怯别二世,463,493


    Kebeki (coins)[专]怯别币,341


    Kediri (Daha)[地]谏义里,291


    Kedr[地]卡德拉拉,549注


    Ke''er-un irgen (steppe herdsmen)[专]草原游牧民,195


    Kt[地]克拉特,428


    Kelermes[地]克勒尔姆斯,4,11-12,15


    Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa[人]穆斯塔法·克马尔·阿塔特克,164


    Keng K''uei[人]耿夔,46,47


    Keng Kung[人]耿恭,44


    Keng Ping[人]耿秉,42,46


    Kentei (Burqan Qaldun)[地]不儿罕合勒敦山(肯特山),189,199,200,219,248


    Kerayit[族]克烈部,xxiv,xxv,191-192,199,200,203-213,216,217,220,227,300,417,578注


    Kerch[地]刻赤(潘蒂卡派),15,52,85,173,405,549注,554注;参见Panticapaeum


    Kergüd[族]乞儿古斯部,503


    Keriya (Pem)[地]克里亚,306


    Kerman (Cherman; Kirman)[地]起儿漫,151,152,153,260,261,269,305,309,353,382,390,431,432,433,459,461,462


    Kermanshah[地]克尔曼沙赫,355


    Kermian[地]克米安,449,451,452


    Kermikhions[族]柔然,见Juan-Juan


    Kerts[族]克尔特人,339,343,352-353,380,385-386,390,426-428


    Kerulen[地]克鲁伦河,怯绿连河,xxii,xxiii,20,109,110,192,193,200,212,248,255,273,274,321,502,504,510,512,529,530,536,539,540


    Kesh (Shahr-i Sebz)[地]渴石(沙赫里夏勃兹),343,345,346,409-414


    Keszthely[地]凯斯特海伊,176


    Khagan (qan; qaan; as title)[专]合罕(称号),61,216,217,221,560注,585注


    Khaganos (sovereign)[专]可汗罗斯(称号),577注


    Khar[地]海拉尔,3


    Khairkhana[地]海尔哈纳,51


    Khaishan[人]海山,294,299,321,338


    “Khdjin-alt”[地]合兰真沙陀,210


    “Kh-goun-”[地]哈拉-果翁-俄拉,210


    Khalil[人]哈里勒,456,457


    Khalka (people)[族]喀尔喀人,66,509,510,512,513,514,521,523,525,628,529,530,531,536,537,538,629注


    Khalka (river)[地]合勒卡河,210,510


    Khamdo[地]喀木,523


    Khan (as title)[专]汗,可汗(称号),61,216,560注


    Khanbaligh (Khan-baligh; qanbaliq)[地]汗八里(长安,北京),599注;参见Changan; Peking


    Khangai[地]杭爱山(参看於都斤山),20,102,189,214,294,321,335,479,512,537;参见Otük?n


    Khanka[地]汗卡要塞,488


    Khansa[地]参看杭州,见Hangchow


    Khanzade[人]罕匝答,421


    Khanzai[地]杭州,见Hangchow


    Kharachin (Jungshiyabo; Karchin)[族]喀喇沁(永谢布人),509,517,629注


    Khara K[人]哈剌忽剌,523,526


    Khara Usu, Lake[地]哈拉乌兹湖,214


    Khavalynsk[文]哈瓦伦斯克文化群,6


    Khazaria (Gazaria)[地]可萨里亚,180,314,401,403


    Khazarnguage[文]可萨文,557注


    Khazars[族]可萨人,哈扎尔人,xxiv,xxviii,176,178-182,396,577注


    Kherson[地]刻松城,73


    Khewra[地]库腊,71


    Khidr-shah[人]希德尔沙,452


    Kht[地]起剌特,261,263


    Khilok[地]希洛克河,194,551注


    Khingan[地]兴安岭,xxii,xxvi,39,53,54,55,86,192,194,208,210,505,517


    Khingsai, Khinsa[地]杭州,见Hangchow


    Khionites[族]希奥尼特人,68


    Khitan (Khitai; Kitat)[族]契丹人,xxiv,xxviii,66,83,88,106,108,112,125,127-134,136,146,148,164-165,186,190,196,220,228,231,233,250,251-252,283,306,516;参见Kara-Khitai


    Khitannguage[文]契丹语,193


    Khitan script[文]契丹文,133-134,570注


    Khiva[地]希瓦(花剌子模),见Khwarizm


    Khizr khan[人]希兹尔汗,446


    Khizr-khoja[人]黑的儿火者,422,424,425


    Khmer (Cambodia)[地]高棉,290,291


    Khocho[朝]高昌,见Turfan


    Khodzhent[地]忽毡,117,165,166,238,332,338,345,410,411,419,423,438,482,497


    Khoi[地]忽伊,359


    Khoit[族]辉特部,520,525,527,537,538,539;参见Dzungar


    Khojas[专]和卓,500-501,527-528,540,541,628注


    Khojo Jan (Little Khojo)[人]霍占集,541-542


    Khokars[族]科卡尔,444


    Khondemir[人]宽德密尔,465


    Khongtaiji (prince imperial)[专]洪台吉(王子称号),630注


    Khorchin (Qorchin)[族]科尔沁人,505,509,516-517,529,629注


    Khortitsa[地]霍蒂萨,246


    Khoshot[族]和硕特部,487,503,510,520,523-527,532,537,538,540;参见Oirat


    Khosrau Firuz ar-Rahim[人]库思老·卑路支·拉希姆,150-151


    Khotan (Cotan; Hotien; Yotkan)[地]于阗(和田,约特干),xxii,40,41,43,45,48,52,54,95,96,101,103,107,114-115,147,165,235,303,306,312,327,332,424,426,491,494,497,500,533,541


    Khshevan (as title)[专](粟特语称号)王,68


    Khudaidad[人]忽歹答,422,425,459-460


    Khulm[地]胡勒姆,412


    Khurasan[地]呼罗珊,68,87,116,142,143,144,146,147,149,150,153,155,159,160,166-167,236,240,260,261,305,309,334,340,345,351,352,353,368,369,372,373,376,381,386,387,390,410,413,415,417,427,428,456,459,461,463,464,481-485,492


    Khutuktai Sechen Khongtaiji[人]库图克图彻辰洪台吉,510-514


    Khu Urluk[人]和鄂尔勒克,521-522,523


    Khuzistan[地]胡齐斯坦,169


    Khvalinsk[地]克瓦林斯克,5


    Khwarizm (Khiva)[地]花剌子模(希瓦),xxviii,9,116,150,158,159,160,166-170,189,233,234,236-242,247,254,260,261,301,330,332,335,351,354,355,392,397,420-421,426,479,481,487-488,521


    Kialing[地]嘉陵江(四川),258,284


    Kian[地]长江,见Yangtze


    K''iang[族]羌人,28-29,47,48


    Kiangchow (Kiukiang)[地]江州(九江),137,323


    Kiangsi[地]江西,137


    Kiangsu[地]江苏,58,138,287,302


    Kichow[地]冀州(大名),见Taming


    Kidara (Ki-to-lo)[人]基达拉(寄多罗),68,69


    Kidarites[朝]基达里王朝,68,69


    Kien[人]贤,43


    Kienchow (Kanchow)[地]虔州(赣州),137


    Kienkang[地]建康(南京),见Nanking


    K''ien-k''u[族]坚昆人,38


    Kienning[地]南京,见Nanking


    Kienshih[地]监氏城,30


    Kiev[地]基辅,乞瓦,10,73,181,182,224,246,265,270,271,395,436


    Kigi[地]基伊,462


    Ki-kou-kuan[地]岐沟关,132


    Kikow[地]歧沟,570注


    Kile[族]基列人,515


    Kim?ks[族]基马克人,148,185


    Kin (Alchun; Chin)[族]金(参看完颜部),136-140,164,170,189,190,191,192-193,197,198,203,204,226-233,257-259,283,301,516;参见Wan-yen


    King (river)[地]泾河,90


    Kingchaofu[地]京兆府(长安),见Changan


    Kingchow[地]荆州,122


    Kin-ling-fu[地]金陵府(南京),见Nanking


    Kinshan[地]金山岛,67,139


    Kin-tsung[人]钦宗,136-137


    K''iou Ch''ang-ch''uen (K''iou Ch''u-ki)[人]邱长春(邱处机</a>),244,249,255,590注


    Kipchak khanate (Golden Horde; White Horde)[朝]钦察汗国(金帐汗国,白帐),186,246,264,268-276,281,282,292,304-305,312,314,319,332,335,342,350,358,365-366,368,376,387,389,393-408,419,420,421,426,430,432,435-443,591注;参见Golden Horde; White Horde


    Kipchaks (Cumans; Komanoi; Kun; Polovtsy; Qoun; Qumani)[族]钦察人,xxiv,xxviii,148,184,185-186,246,264,392,395,396


    Ki-pin[朝]罽宾(迦毕试国)见Kapisa


    Kirakos (of Ganja)[人](刚加的)基拉罗斯,282,342,356,357,360,363,367,396


    Kirghiz (people)[族]黠戛斯,乞儿吉思,吉尔吉斯人,xxiv,19,106,109,124,125,128,148,196,205,216,418,473,478,483,485,549注,625注,参见Kara-Kirghiz; Kergüd


    Kirghiz (Alexander; mountains)[地]吉尔吉斯山,xxiii,154,155,161,191,237,244


    Kirghiz-Kazakhs (Qazaqs)[族]吉尔吉斯-哈萨克人,148,478,480,481,485,488-489,495,499,500,508,521,522,526,531,532,538,625注


    Kirgis Nor[地]吉儿吉思湖,512


    Kirin[地]吉林省,255,269


    Kirki (Chufut-Kale)[地]基尔基,402


    Kirman[地]起儿漫,见Kerman


    Kishi-jüz[族]小帐,见Little Horde


    Kishiliq[人]乞失力,210


    Kishmain[人]乞失麦,330,606注


    Kisk?r?s[地]小克勒什,176


    Kitat[族]契丹,见Khitan


    Kitbuqa[人]怯的不花,355,356,361-365


    Ki-to-lo[人]寄多罗(基达拉),见Kidara


    K''iu[族]麹氏,98


    Kiuchüan[地]酒泉,28


    Kiukiang[地]九江(江州),见Kiangchow


    K''iu-li[地]渠犁,37


    Kiu-ma[地]拒马河,132,570注


    Kiun-ch''en[人]军臣单于,34


    K''iu Pai-ya[人]麹伯雅,89,98


    Kiu-pi-sh?[族]车鼻施,119


    Kiu-shih[地]车师(别失八里,吐鲁番),见Beshbaligh; Turfan


    K''iu-tsu[地]龟兹,见Kucha


    K''iu Wen-t''ai[人]麹文泰,98


    Kiu-yen[地]居延,36


    Kiu-yung-kuan (Nankow)Pass[地]居庸关(南口),106,507


    Kiyat[族]乞颜氏族,193,194,198,201


    Kizil[地]克孜尔,50,51-52,96,97-98,101


    Kizil Irmak[地]克孜尔·伊尔马克,350


    Kizilkaya (Qyzyl-qaya)[地]克孜勒卡亚,549注


    Knights of Rhodes[专]罗德的骑士们,451


    Koban[地]科本,5,11


    Kobdo[地]科布多,61,92,113,190,205,214,479,508,510,512,513,520,521,525,526,527,536,537,538,540


    K?begün (princes)[专]王子,221


    Koblevo[地]科布勒沃,6


    Kobluk[人]古卜鲁克,见Kuilek


    Kochkar[地]库什卡尔,423,561注


    K?chkünji[人]速云赤,484,485


    K?d?''?-aral (K?t?''ü-aral)[地]阔帖兀阿兰,274


    K?gm?n[地]曲漫山,见Tannu-


    Koh-i-Baba[地]霍伊巴巴,465


    Koirijak[人]科利贾克,469,622注


    K?k?chin (Cocachin)[人]阔阔真,308,309


    Kokand[地]浩罕,482,486,488-489,496


    K?k-b?ri[专]灰狼,544注


    K?kchü (T?b-t?ngri)[人]阔阔出,195,217-218,219,585注,591注


    K?ke-khoto[地]库库河屯,见Kuku Hoto


    K?k? d?bt?r (“blue books”;registers)[专]青册,220


    Koko Nor[地]青海湖,47,65,89,118,509,513,523,524,525,526,532,540


    K?k? Temür[人]扩廓帖木儿,324-325


    K?ksegu (K?kse''u)Sabraq[人]可苦速,205


    K?kshün Orkhon[地]鄂尔浑河的科克沁,112


    Kom[地]奎隆,见Quilon


    Ko-lo[人]葛勒,默延啜,见Mo-yen-cho


    K?l?, Lake[地]曲烈湖,206


    Kolomna[地]科罗姆纳,265


    Kolyma[地]科雷马河,xxv


    Komanoi[族]钦察人,见Kipchaks


    Kona Shahr[地]科纳·沙尔,493


    Konchaka[人]科恩恰哈,617注


    Kondurcha[地]昆都尔察河,440


    Kondurchinsk[地]孔杜尔恰斯克,440


    K?nig, F. W.[人]F·W·库利格,11


    Konya (Lycaonia)[地]科尼亚(利考尼亚)xxix,155,157,261,263,272,281,382,385,387,389,452,573注


    Korea[朝]朝鲜,高丽,128,133,259,289,515,599注


    K?rgüz (约死于1244年)[人]阔儿吉思,269


    K?rgüz (George; 1235-42)[人]阔儿吉思(乔治),351-352


    K?rgüz (G?rgüz; George; d. 1298)[人]阔里吉思,294,301-302,306,314,318,335


    Koshang[地]科尚(看托克托),见Toqto


    Kosho-Tsaidam[地]和硕·柴达木,85-86,87,92-93,101,103,106,108-109,110,112-113,192,566注,578注


    Ko Shu-han[人]哥舒翰,118


    Kosogol, Lake[地]库苏泊,124,479,503


    Kosovo[地]科索沃,449


    Kostromskaya[地]科斯特罗马斯卡雅,12,13,15


    Ko-tjong[人]王焢,259,288,599注


    Kotor (Cattaro)[地]科托尔,267


    K?t?''ü-aral[地]阔帖兀阿兰,见K?d?''?-aral


    K?yit?n[人]阔亦田,207,582注


    K?z?dagh[地]柯塞山,263


    Kozel[地]科泽尔,546注


    Kozlov, P. K.[人]科兹洛夫,25,39,133


    Krasnoyarsk[地]克拉斯诺亚尔斯克,5,14


    Krikor (Gregory)[人]克利科尔,358


    Krum[人]克鲁姆,177


    Kuang[地]两广,324


    Kuangku[地]广固,557注


    Kuang-t?[地]广德,43


    Kuang Wu-ti[人]光武帝,39


    Kubak-sari[地]和布克赛尔,526


    Kuban[地]库班,4,10,11,12,15,16,72,73,74,176,180,182,392,442,472,503,522


    Kui (Hu-pi-lie; Qubi; Quby; Quy)[人]忽必烈,xxiii,xxviii,xxx,59,63,214,272,274,275,282-300,304,305,307,308-309,311,320,321,331,332,333,336,363,371-373,374,396,397,401,419,456,502,512,514,598注


    Kui, house of[族]忽必烈家族(看元朝),见Yüan


    Kucha (K''iu-tsu; Kuche; Kuchi)[地]库车,xxii,xxiii,28,40,41,43-49,52,54,59,62,95-100,103,107,114-115,117,119,125,144,164,173,189,212,233,312,326,329,340,344,426,460,491,492,497,498,506,542,555注,556注


    Kucheannguage ("Tokharian" A and B)[语]库车语(吐火罗语A和B),xxiii,28,40,49,96,97,124,125,562注


    Kucheng[地]古城(看别失八里),见Beshbaligh


    Küchlüg[人]屈出律,190,215,233,234,235-236,330,584注


    Küchow (Ghiugiu)[地]衢州,308


    Kuchu[人]阔出,259,268


    Kuchuk Muhammad[人]库楚克·马哈麻汗,470,472


    Kuchum[人]库程汗,489,490


    Kudang[人]库登汗,510


    Kuei-shuang[族]贵霜人,见Kushans


    Kuibyshev[地]古比雪夫(萨马拉),见Samara


    Kuilek (Kobluk)[人]古卜鲁克,403


    Kuj (Kujulo)Kadphises (Kadphises I; Ch''iu-chiu-ch''ueh)[人]卡德菲斯一世(邱就却),32,45-46,561注


    Kuku Hoto (K?ke-Khoto)[地]库库河屯(呼和浩特,归化城绥远城),35,136,510,514,529;参见Kweihwacheng; Suiyuan (town)


    Kül-Bt[人]库尔布鲁特,609注


    Kuldja[地]固尔扎,234,235,282,292,312,319,326,424,528,531,533,538,539,540,541


    Kule[地]库莱,184,


    Ku-li (as title)[专]谷蠡王(称号),20


    Kulikovo[地]库里科沃,405-406,407


    Ku-ki P''ei-lo[人]骨力裴罗,见Qutlugh Bilg?


    Kul Oba[地]库尔·奥巴,7,13,15


    Kul-tegin[人]阙特勤,85-86,108-112,116


    Kuma[地]库马,392


    Kumaragupta[人]鸠摩罗芨多,69


    Kumarajiva[人]鸠摩罗什</a>,49-50,59


    Kumiss (qumiz)[专]忽迷思(马奶酒),219,276,568注,587注


    Kumo[地]阿克苏城(姑墨),见Aksu (town and province)


    Kumtura[地]库姆吐拉,52,96,97,98


    Kun[族]看钦察人,见Kipchaks


    Kün-buqa[人]孔不花,259,301,302,303,599注


    Künchow (Yüchow)[地]钧州(今禹州),258


    Kundelung Ubasha[人]昆都仑乌巴什,487-488,523


    Kundjuk[人]宽阇,见Kunjuk


    Kunduz[地]昆都士,82-83,85,93,116,117,119,143,342,346,409,411,412,414


    Kunduzcha[地]孔杜尔恰,440


    Kungas (Kungkas)[人]孔加士,68


    Kungchang (Lungsi)[地]关中(陇西),283


    Kungei[地]昆格山,500


    Kunges[地]空格斯,424,491


    Kungkas[人]孔加士,见Kungas


    Kung-ti[人]恭帝(宋),286


    Kungyueh[地]弓月城,564注


    Kunjuk (Kundjuk)[人]宽阇,338


    Kunlun[地]昆仑山,533


    Kunni[族]昆尼,见Huni


    Kün t?ngrid? ulugh bulmysh kütshlug bilg? ch''ung-t?[人]登啰羽録没蜜施句主毗伽可汗,122


    Kuo Hiao-k''o[人]郭孝恪,95,99,100


    K''uo-li-ki-ssu (George; name)[人]阔里吉思(乔治),301


    K''uo-li-ki-ssu (George; person)[人](镇海之子)乔治,593注


    Kuo-shih (as title)[专]国师(称号),298


    Kupehkow[地]古北口,129


    Kura[地]库拉河,261,347,369,398,399,430,437,462


    Kurdistan[地]库尔德斯坦,263,361,430,433


    Kurds[族]库尔德人,379,383


    Kurdzhips[地]库尔德泽普斯,16


    Kuriyen (circles)[专]古列延,196


    Kus[人]和世焺,321


    Kushans (Kuei-shuang)[族]贵霜人,32,45-46,68-69


    Kusmehan[地]库什麦罕,68


    Kustanai[地]库斯坦赖,439


    Kutahya[地]屈塔希亚,451,452


    Kutaisi[地]库塔伊思,263


    Kutan[人]忽滩,246,264


    Ku-to-lu Pei-kia k''iu[人]骨咄禄毗伽阙可汗,见Qutlugh Bilg?


    Kutrigurs[族]库特利格尔人,79,80,172,174,176


    Kutsang[地]姑藏(甘州),见Kanchow (Kansu)


    Ku-tu (as title)[专]骨都侯(称号),21


    Kuvrat[人]库弗拉特,175,176


    Kwachow[地]瓜州,35


    Kwangping[地]广平,325


    Kwangsi[地]广西,284,287,518


    Kwangtung[地]广东,287


    Kwantao[地]馆陶,325


    Kwei[人]桂王,518


    Kweichow (Hsaihsien)[地]妫州(怀来县),106


    Kweihwacheng[地]归化城,25,106,301,306,510,530,参见Kuku Hoto; Toqto


    Kweilin[地]桂林,284,287,518


    Kweiteh[地]归德,258


    Kweitung[地]水洞沟,3


    Kyakhta[地]恰克图,25


    Kyozwa[人]莏苴,291


    Kyushu[地]九州,289


    Kyzyl-Kum[地]克齐尔库姆沙漠,xxii


    Kyzyl-Su,[地]克孜尔河,41


    Kzyl-Orda[地]克孜勒奥尔达(看波罗威斯克),见Perovsk


    Ladakh[地]拉达克山,497,499


    Ladis (活跃于1287年)[人]拉迪斯拉斯,401


    Lahore[地]拉合尔,168,339,443


    Laikhor-khan[人]赉瑚尔汗,512


    Lajazzo (Latakiap; Layas; Ayas)[地]剌牙思,305,312,313,370


    Lakhanas[人]伊凡洛(拉汗纳斯),见Ivailo


    Lakiashih (Aru-rarja)[地]拉加寺地区,525


    Lalegir[族]拉列基尔人,515


    Lamaism[宗]喇嘛教,220,298,299,319,323,383,513-515,523,564注,628注;红教,513,523;黄教,513,514,523,524,526,532,533,536,540


    Lamut[族]拉穆特人,515


    Lanchi[地](浙江)兰溪,308


    Lanchow (Yüan-ch''uan)[地]兰州(苑川),35,60,107


    Langson[地]谅山,290


    Lao-shang[人]老上单于,21,27,28


    Lao-tse[人]老子</a>,见Taoism


    Laranda (Karaman)[地]拉兰达(今卡拉曼),391,452


    Lasha, David[人]大卫·拉沙,见David Lasha


    Lasha, Giorgi III[人]吉奥吉尔三世拉沙,见Giorgi III Lasha


    Latakia[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo


    Latsang khan[人]拉藏汗,524,532-533


    Laurence (of Ancona)[人]劳伦斯,342


    Law codes[专]法典,见Shari''a; Yasaq


    Layas[地]剌牙思,见Lajazzo


    Lazica[地]拉齐卡,84


    Le Coq, A. A. von[人]勒柯,96,97,122


    Legdan (Lingdan)[人]林丹汗,510,514,517


    Legnica[地]里格尼兹,见Liegnitz


    Lelvar[文]勒尔瓦尔文化,5,545注


    Lena (river)[地]勒拿河,xxv,515


    Leo, St. (Leo the Great)[人]圣利奥,76


    Leo III (of Cilicia)[人](西里西亚的)利奥三世,371


    Leo IV (the Khazar; Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)利奥四世,179


    Leo VI (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)利奥六世,178,180


    Levedia[地]列维底亚,177,178,182


    Levedian culture[专]列维底亚文化,67,549注


    Levunion, Mount[地]列瓦尼恩山,184


    Lezghians (Lezginy)[族]列兹基人,246


    Lhasa[地]拉萨(布达拉宫),523,526-527,532,533,540;Pot,524,533


    Li An-ch''uan[人]李安全,226,227


    Liang[朝]梁,59,64


    Liang, Hou-[朝]后梁,见Hou-Liang


    Liangchow (Erginul; Ergiuul)[地]凉州,35,54,112,306


    Liang K''in[人]梁慬,47


    Liang Shu[书]《梁书</a>》,68


    Liao (dynasty)[朝]辽代(契丹),见Khitan


    Liao (river)[地]辽河,39,54,61,83,127,128,164,196,228,293


    Liaosi[地]辽西,53-54,57,88,108,112,230


    Liaotung[地]辽东,39,53,57,58,128,250,507,510


    Liaoyang[地]辽阳,131,136,138,139,227,228,229,516


    Li Chih-ch''ang[人]李志常</a>,249,275-276,590注


    Liegnitz (Legnica)[地]里格尼兹,266


    Li Ki-lung[人]李继隆,132-133


    Li Ki-ts''ien[人]李继迁(赵保机),见Chao Pao-Ki


    Li K''o-yung[人]李克</a>用,126-127


    Li Kuang-li[人]李广利,36


    Li Ling[人]李陵,36


    Linchow[地]灵州,568注


    Lingchow (Lingwu)[地]灵州(灵武),108,126,132,226,247,568注


    Lingdan[人]林丹汗,见Legdan


    Lingkiu[地]灵丘,107,108,


    Lingwu[地]灵武(灵州),见Lingchow


    Linhwang[地]临潢,130,136


    Lintao[地]临洮,517注


    Li-pien-a-ta[人]列边阿塔,见Rabban-ata


    Li Po, The Man of the Marches[人]李白</a>《行行且游猎篇》,102


    Li-p''o-chuen[人]栗婆准,99


    Li Shih-min[人]李世民</a>(唐太宗</a>),见T''ai-tsung


    Li Shih-tsi[人]李世筈,92


    Lithuania[地]立陶宛,399,407,436,443,469


    Lithuanians[族]立陶宛人,471


    Li Tsin-chung[人]李尽忠,108


    Li Tsing[人]李靖</a>,92


    Li-tsung[人]宋理宗,259


    Li Ts''un-hsü[人]李存助,127,128


    Little Horde (Kishi-jüz)[族]小帐(吉尔吉斯-哈萨克),478,480,485,521,522,625注;参见Kirghiz-Kazakhs


    Little Pulu[朝]小勃律,见Gilgit


    Little Yüeh-chih (Hsia Yüeh-chih)[族]小月氏,28-29


    Li Tzu-ch''eng[人]李自成,517,518


    Liu Chih-yüan[人]刘知远,130


    Liu Fu-t''ung[人]刘福通,323


    Liu Ts''ung[人]刘聪,xxviii,56,57


    Liu Wei[人]刘伟,453


    Liu Yüan[人]刘渊,56


    Li Yi[人]李祎,118


    Lobdzang[人]罗卜藏,512


    Lob Nor[地]罗布泊,xxii,35,37,40,41,42,52,96,303,306,312,344,424;参见Shanshan; Yiwu


    bLo-bzang (Nag-dbang bLo-bzang)[人]阿旺·罗卜藏,523-524,532


    Loehr, Max[人]马克思·劳尔,4


    Loire[地]卢瓦尔河,74


    Lo-Lo[族]罗罗人,283-284


    Lombards[族]伦巴德人,60,173,174


    Longjumeau[人]安德烈·德·隆朱米,见André de Longjumeau; Guy (Guiume)de Longjumeau


    Loni[地]洛尼,444


    Lop (Charkhlik)[地]罗不,306


    Lore[地]罗耳,260


    Lorraine[地]洛林,178


    Louis IX (St. Louis)[人]路易斯九世,圣·路易斯,273,276,277,281,349


    Louis the Child[人]孩童路易斯,178


    Lon[朝]楼兰,35,37,40,41,42


    Loyang[地]洛阳,xxix,41,48,49,56,57,58,59,61,63,65,120,121,122,126,127,259,558注


    Lu[人]鲁王,518


    Lucalongo, Petrus da[人]彼得鲁斯,见Petrus da Lucalongo


    Lüders, Heinrich[人]吕德斯,29


    Lugar[地]卢卡尔河,590注


    Lugovskoye[地]卢戈伊什科耶,558注


    Lu-ho (Luke; name)[人]鲁合,301


    Lukchun[地]鲁克沁,42,47


    Luke (son of ''Is?)[人]鲁合,304


    Lu Kuang[人]吕光,50,59,60


    Luleburgaz (Arcadiopolis)[地]卢累布尔加兹,76,184


    Lung[地]龙庭,34


    Lungcheng[地]龙城,557注


    Lungmen[地]龙门,64,65


    Lungsi[地]陇西,见Kungchang


    Lungt?,[地]隆德,248


    Lur[族]罗耳人,432


    Luristan[地]卢里斯坦,11,169,355,430,432


    Lü Shih-chung[人]刘时中,284


    Lutsang[地]鲁仓,525


    Lü Wen-huang[人]吕文涣,287


    Lwanping[地]滦平,24,25


    Lycaonia[地]利考尼亚(科尼亚),见Konya


    Lycia[地]吕基亚,452


    Lyons[地]里昂,270


    Macedonia[地]马其顿,449


    Madali[人]马达里(穆罕默德·阿里),见Muhammad ''Ali


    Madyes[人]马代斯,9


    Maes Titianos[人]马厄斯·梯梯安洛斯,40,48,313


    Magadha[朝]摩揭陀,71


    Magdalenian culture[文]马格德林文化,3,13


    Maghas (Mankas; Monkas)[地]蔑怯思,265


    Maghreb[地]马格里布,355


    Magnesia ad Sipylum (Manisa)[地]马格尼西亚,453


    Magyars[族]马扎尔人,xxviii,174,177-179,181,182


    Mahamu[人]马合木,503,504,628注


    Ma-hei-ma[人]马黑麻,见Muhammad (活跃于1560年)


    Mahmud (of Ghazni;死于1030年)[人](加兹尼的)马赫穆德,144,145-146,149,150


    Mahmud (1487-93)[人]马合木,481


    Mahmud (1487-1508)[人]马哈木,463,482,496-497


    Mahmud (1494-95)[人]马合谋,464


    Mahmudabad[地]马哈茂达巴德,462


    Mahmud-beg[人]马合谋伯格,382,385


    Mahmudek[人]马赫穆提克,472


    Mahmud ibn Muhammad[人]马赫默德·伊本·穆罕默德,158


    Mahmud khan[人]马合谋汗,416


    Mahmud Shah II[人]马茂德·沙二世,444,445


    Mahmud Yvach[人]马合谋·牙剌洼赤,250-251,272,328,352


    “Mahone”[专]马霍恩贸易公司,452


    Maikop[地]迈科普,545注


    Maiyafariqin[朝]蔑牙法里勒异密国,360


    Maikhan (tent)[专]迈克罕,196


    Maikop[地]迈科普,4,16


    Maitreya khutukhtu[人]迈达里·胡土克图,514


    Majapahit[朝]满者伯夷国,291


    Majd ad-Din Baghdadi[人]马扎德丁·巴格达第,589注


    Makikha[人]马基哈,356,357


    Makhmet-kul (Muhammad-quli)[人]马赫麦特·库耳,489


    Makhtum khanim[人]马黑秃木·哈尼木,506,508


    Ma K''ing-siang[人]马金襄,593注


    Mbar[地]无离拔,315


    Mya[地]马来亚,311


    Myu[地]马拉尤,600注


    Mzgirt (Manzikert)[地]曼吉克特,152,184


    Malfuzat-i Timuri[书]《帖木儿名言录》,444-445


    Malik (as title)[专]马立克(称号,意为王),352


    Malikshah[人]马立克沙赫,147,152-153,154,155,158


    Mal-kal Tungus[族]靺鞨通古斯人,515


    Mallu Iqbal[人]马鲁·伊黑巴勒,444,445


    Malta (nr. Irkutsk)[地]马尔塔,3


    Ma Lung[人]马隆</a>,54


    Malvan[地]马尔瓦(印度),32


    Malwa[地]马尔瓦(印度),69,70,71,146


    Malyi-Terek[地]马尔义特列克,558注


    Mamai (Mamaq; 1361-80)[人]马麦,405-406,407,436


    Mamai (活跃于1523年)[人]马迈(诺盖汗),473


    Mamelukes[专]马木路克人(奴隶),153,155,245,263


    Mamelukes (dynasty)[朝]马木路克王朝,364-365,366,368,370,371,373-376,Mamelukes (dynasty)(cont.)382,384-385,387,398,400,403,404,405,433,434,446-448


    Manas (river)[地]玛纳斯河,100,342,344,422,491


    Manchouli[地]满洲里,3


    Manchu (dynasty)[朝]清朝,63,66,510,515-520,528-533,536-542


    Manchu (people)[族]满族人,515,516


    Manchukuo[朝]满洲国,515


    Manchuria[地]满洲,80,85,128,134,136,137,211,227,228,229,293,294,515,516,517,519,529,538


    Mandaghol[人]满都古勒,509


    Mandasur[族]曼达索尔家族,71


    Mandughai[人]满都海赛音,509


    Manegir[族]玛尼基尔人,515


    Mang[人]忙哥剌,307,605注


    Mangit[族]曼吉特部(诺盖部),见Nogai (tribe)


    Mangu Timur (Mongka Temür)[人]忙哥帖木儿,292,333,366,371,401,606注


    Mangysk Penins[地]曼吉什拉特半岛,521,522


    Maniak[人]曼尼亚克,184


    Maniakh[人]马尼亚克,83


    Manichaean art[文]摩尼教艺术,122,124


    Manichaeanism[宗]摩尼教,121,122,124-125,197,304,319


    Manisa[地]马格尼西亚,见Magnesia ad Sipylum


    Mankas[地]蔑怯思,见Maghas


    Manqud[人]忙古惕,194,210


    Mansur (死于1393年)[人]曼苏尔,431,432-433


    Mansur (Mansur-khan; 1503-43)[人]满速儿汗,497,499


    Mansur I ibn-Nuh[人]曼苏尔一世(伊本·努赫),143


    Mansurov[人]曼苏罗夫,475


    Manzi[朝]蛮子国,309,311


    Manzikert[地]曼吉克特,见Mzgirt


    Mao-tun[人]昌顿单于,27,28


    Mao''undur[地]卯温都儿,210


    Mar Abraham[人]马·雅巴拉哈,369


    Maragheh[地]蔑剌合,245,262,359,367,368,377,379,382;望楼,384;蔑剌合,373,379,383


    Marawsik-[地]马拉什克亦拉,326


    Mar Denha[人]马·德赫,367,368,369


    Mardin[地]马尔丁,433


    Mar Guiwarguis[人]马·基瓦古斯,303


    Marguz (Marcus)Buyiruq[人]马儿忽思不亦鲁,191


    Marhasia (Christian bishops)[专]马儿哈昔,300


    Maria (sister of Andronicus II)[人](拜占庭皇帝安德努尼卡斯二世的妹妹)马利亚,385


    Marignolli, Giovanni da[人]约翰·马黎诺里,见Giovanni da Marignolli


    Marinus (of Tyre)[人](提尔的)马里努斯,40


    Maritsa[地]马里查山谷,184


    Mariupol[地]马里乌波尔,246,407,436


    Mar James[人]马·詹姆斯,369


    Marj as-Soffar[地]马尔杰·索法尔,382


    Mar Jesusabran[人]马·耶稣沙布兰,369


    Mark (活跃于1248年)[人]马克,349


    Markanda[地]马尔干达,撒麻耳干,见Samarkand


    M?rkit[族]蔑儿乞部,192,195,201,204,205,207,208,213,215,216,234,578注,584注


    Mar Koka[地]马科卡,368


    Markus[人]麻古思,见Mar Yahbaha III


    Marquart Josef[人]马迦特,68,171,180,182


    Mar S?rgis (Ma Sie-li-ki-ssu)[人]马薜里吉思,302


    Mar Sehyon[地]马塞坊,368


    Mar Shalita[地]蔑剌合,见Maragheh条下


    Martinovka[地]马提诺威卡,575注


    Martonocha[地]马尔托罗查,10


    Maruta,St.[人]圣·马鲁塔,361


    Mary (daughter of Michael Peologus)[人](迈克尔·佩利奥洛格斯的女儿)马丽公主,368


    Mar Yahbaha III (Markus)[人]马·雅巴拉哈三世(麻古思),301,302-303,336,368-369,372,373,377,379,383


    Mashhad[地]麦士德(图斯),见Tus


    Ma Sie-li-ki-ssu[人]马薜里吉思,见Mar S?rgis


    Maspero, Georges[人]马斯佩罗,19-20


    Massagetae[族]马萨革泰人,9,547注


    Mas''ud (1030-40)[人]马苏德,146,149


    Mas''ud (1133-52)[人]马苏德,158


    Mas''ud (活跃于1495年)[人]麻素提,464


    Mas''ud II[人]马苏德二世,382,387


    Mas''udi[人]马苏第,181


    Mas''ud Yvach (Mas''ud-beg)[人]麻速忽·牙剌洼赤(麻速忽伯格),269,328,331-335,352


    Ma''sum Shah Murad[人]马桑·沙·穆拉德,486-487


    Ma-ta-ku[人]麻达葛,139-140,227


    Matarka[地]马他喀贸易据点,180


    Mathura[地]孔雀城(摩突罗),32,146


    Ma'' es-sa''dein[书]《两幸福之会合》,见''Abd ar-Razzaq Samarqandi


    Maurice (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)毛里斯,562注


    Mazanderan[地]马赞德兰,351,353,354,390,428,432,464


    Mazdaism[宗]马资达教,7,84,101,219


    Ma[地]麦加,244,373,414,430


    Medes[族]米底人,7


    Media[地]麦地那,9,11,31


    Megujin se''ultu[人]蔑古真·薜兀勒图,204


    Mehmed II[人]穆赫默德二世,471


    Meimundiz[地]麦门底司堡,354


    Mnkhlenes[族]米兰克尼勒斯人,10,11


    Melgunov[地]麦勒古罗夫,10


    Melitopol[地]美利托波尔,15,546注


    Menander[人]弥南,173


    Menbij (Hierapolis)[地]门比杰,40,361


    Meng Kung[人]孟珙,282


    Mengli Girei (Geray)[人]明里·格来,470,471,472


    Meng T''ien[人]蒙恬,26-27


    Mentese[地]门泰斯,449,451,452


    Merhart, J.[人]麦哈特,16-17,25,37


    Merovingians[朝]墨洛温王朝(人),60


    Merv[地]莫夫(马里),xxi,40,67,68,80,85,116,117,144,147,150,159,160,164,167,191,240,242,243,312,334,369,483,487


    Meshed[地]麦什德(图斯),见Tus


    Meshed-i-Sar (Babulsar)[地]麦什德·萨尔,432


    Mesia[地]麦西亚,78


    Mesopotamian art[文]美索不达米亚艺术,4,11-12


    Metz[地]梅斯,76


    Michael Peologus[人]迈克尔·佩利奥洛格斯,368,399,400


    Middle Horde (Orta-jüz)[朝]中帐,478,480,522,532,625注,参见Kirghiz-Kazakhs


    Mien[朝]缅甸,见Burma


    Mihaeni[地]米赫埃尼,8


    Mika''il[人]米凯尔,149


    Mikhailovka[地]米海洛夫卡,6,8


    Mikirak[人]摩醯逻矩罗,71,248


    Mikoyanabad[地]米高扬纳巴德,见Kabadian


    Mn[地]米兰,56,76


    Mindor[地]闵多儿,260


    Mindszent[地]明曾特,176


    Ming[朝]明朝,319,323,324,325,424,453,456,459,488,494,496,498-499,502-507,510-511,512,516,517,518,540


    Ming-an[人]明安,588注


    Mingchow[地]明州(宁波),见Ningpo


    Mingghan (army captain)[专]敏罕(千夫长),222


    Mingk[地]明拉克,626注


    Ming-shih[书]《明史</a>》,494,495,496,499,503-507,510


    Ming-ti[人]明帝,42,43


    Minorsky, V. F.[人]米诺尔斯基,146,172,180,185


    Min Shan[地]鸣沙山,108


    Minteke[地]明铁盖达坂,41


    Miraj[地]米拉杰,445


    Minusinsk[地]米努辛斯克,xxiii,xxv,24,28,66-67,124,216,549注,556注,558注,艺术4,5,6,14,15,17-19,66,176


    Mir ''Ali Shir Newa''i[人]察儿·阿里·失儿·纳瓦依,465


    Miran[地]米兰,41,49


    Miranshah[人]米兰沙,427,430,433,434,437,456,458


    Mir Bayezid[人]迷里拜牙即,410


    Mirdasid dynasty[朝]米尔达西朝,152


    Mir Husain[人]迷里忽辛,见Husain (活跃于1360年)


    Mirkhond[人]米尔空,67,245,464,465


    Mirza ''Abdah[人]米儿咱阿布达拉赫,见''Abdah ibn-Qazghan


    Mirza Iskander[人]米儿咱·伊斯堪答儿,426


    Mitan[地]卡巴·马坦,见Kaba-matan


    Mithridates II[人]密特里达提二世,31


    Mitrovica[地]米特洛维察(锡尔米蒙),见Sirmium


    Mizuki[地]麦诸基,289


    Mobarek-shah[人]木八剌沙,332,334


    Mo-ch''o (Mo-cho; Bak-chor; Qapagan-khagan)[人]默啜,107-108,109,110,116,127-128,565注


    Moesia[地]麦西亚,174,177


    Mogholistan[地]蒙兀儿斯坦,342-346,419,420,422,424,425,426,438,459,460-461,463,480,482,490-501,506,507


    Mogholtai[人]蒙古台,332


    Mohi[地]莫希,266


    Mo-ho[族]靺鞨578注


    Mojak, moje[专]慕阇(称号),见Mu-sh?


    Mo-ki-lien[人]默棘连,110-111,112,113,565注


    Moldavia[地]摩尔达维亚,4,6,181,268


    Mologa[地]莫洛加河,265


    Mongka[人]蒙哥,264-65,267,272-276,280-284,288,298,300,320,329,330,349-350,352,353,354,357,363,394,395,397,512,596注,598注,606注


    Mongka Temür[人]忙哥帖木儿,见Mangu Timur


    Mong-ku[族]萌古,197


    Mongolnguage[文]蒙古语,xxv,228,277,544注,579注-580注


    Mongol script[文]蒙古文,252,298-299;Uiguro-Mongol,516,521


    Mong-wu (Mong-wa)[族]蒙兀,579注


    Monkas[地]蔑怯思,见Maghas


    Mon-Khmer[族]纯高棉种人,290


    Montecorvino, Giovanni da[人]约翰·孟德科维诺,见Giovanni da Montecorvino


    Morava[地]摩拉瓦河,76


    Moravia[地]摩拉维亚(大摩拉维亚),266,395;Great Moravia,175,178


    Mordvian culture, so-called[文]摩尔达维亚文化,11


    Mordvinians[族]摩尔多维亚人,472


    Morosova[地]摩罗索瓦,549注


    Moscow[地]莫斯科,265,404,405,407,436,470,472,473


    Mostaert, Father A.[人]老莫斯特尔特,530-531


    Mosul[地]摩苏尔,158,263-264,347,349,355,366,391


    Mo-yen-cho (Bayan-chor; Ko-lo; Moyun-chor)[人]默延啜(葛勒),120,121,565注,567注


    Mozhaisk[地]莫扎伊斯克,407,436


    Mstiv (the Bold)[人]勇士密赤思腊,246


    Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad[人]穆巴里克·丁·穆罕默德,390-391


    Mugan[地]木干草原,245,261,262,263,271,281,347,357,359,456,594注


    Muhammad (Prophet)[人](先知)穆罕默德,500


    Muhammad (1105-18)[人]穆罕默德,158


    Muhammad II (活跃于1403年)[人]穆罕默德二世,452


    Muhammad (Ma-hei-ma;活跃于1560年)[人]马黑麻,499


    Muhammad (活跃于1603年)[人]麻法默德,500


    Muhammad Hajji[人]哈吉·穆罕默德,见Hajji Muhammad


    Muhammad (of Ghor)[人]希哈布·阿德丁·摩诃末,见Shihab ad-Din Muhammad


    Muhammad (of Khwarizm)[人]摩诃末(阿拉·阿德丁·摩诃末),见'' ad-Din Muhammad


    Muhammad ''Ali (Madali)[人]穆罕默德·阿里(马达里),488-489


    Muhammad Amin[人]穆罕默德·阿明,473


    Muhammad Bughra-Khan[人]博格拉汗,穆罕默德,147


    Muhammad Girei[人]穆罕默德·格来,473


    Muhammad Haidar I[人]穆罕默德·海达尔一世,463,494


    Muhammad Haidar II (Haidarmirza)[人]穆罕默德·海达尔二世,497,498,499,627注;《拉失德史》344,416,423,424,425,480,481,482,491-495,497,499,500,504,506,507,508


    Muhammad ibn-Tughlugh[人]穆罕默德·本·图格卢,341,443


    Muhammad-khan[人]马黑麻汗,425,619注


    Muhammad-quli[人]马赫麦德·库耳,见Makhmet-kul


    Muhammad Sam[人]穆罕默德·沙姆,386


    Muhammad Shaybani[人]穆罕默德·昔班尼,464,465,481,482,483,486,487,497-498,615注


    Muhammad Timur[人]穆罕默德·帖木儿,483


    Muhammad ''Umar[人]穆罕默德·奥玛尔,488


    Muhammad Yusuf[人]马黑麻·亦速甫,500


    Mu-han[人]木杆可汗,82


    Mu-ho[人]莫何,88


    Mu''in ad-Din Suleiman[人]穆因哀丁·苏来曼,370


    Mu''izz ad-Din Husain Kert[人]穆兹丁·胡赛因,343,390,426


    Mu-jung[族]慕容氏(前燕、后燕国),57,58,61,577注;参见Hou-Yen; Ts''ien-Yen


    Mu-jung Ch''uei[人]慕容垂,59


    Mu-jung Tsiun[人]慕容鯭,58


    Mukachevo[地]穆卡切沃,见Munkacs


    Mukden[地]沈阳,516,519


    Mukri[族](拜占庭作家记)蔑儿乞人,578注


    Muktapida[人]木多笔,118-119


    Multan[地]木尔坦,242,340,443,444,446


    Mumash[人]谟麻失汗,508


    Mu''min,al-[人]阿布德·穆明,见''Abd al-Mu''min


    Mundanguages[文]穆恩答语,576注


    Mundzuk (Mundiukh)[人]蒙杜克,75


    Munglik[人]蒙力克,217,218,585注


    Munkacs (Mukachevo)[地]穆卡切沃,266


    Munte, Guiume de[人]纪尧姆·蒙特,见Guiume de Munte


    Muqali (Muquli)[人]木华黎,202,203,206,223,232-233,247,588注


    Mures[文]穆里斯文化,6


    Murgab (ce)[地]穆耳加布,386


    Murgab (river)[地]穆耳加布河,340,461,465


    Murtuk[地]穆尔吐克,52,96,98,124


    Mus[地]穆什,391,430,431,459,462


    Musa[地]穆萨,149


    Muscovy[地]莫斯科维,395,407,436,438,441,452,470,471,473,475,489,522,540


    Mu-sh? (mojak, moje; as title)[专]慕阇,121


    Musta''sim, al-[人]穆斯台耳绥姆,354,355-356


    Mu''tamid[人]穆塔米德,142


    Mutan[地]忽尔卡河,见Hurka


    Mütügen[人]木阿秃干,241,271,329,334


    Muzaffarids[朝]穆扎法尔朝,343,390-391,426,431,432,433


    Muzaffar-i Kashi[人]穆札菲·喀什,431


    Muzart[人]穆扎尔特,xxiii,555注


    Mpore[地]马八儿,313,315,319


    Mysia[地]麦西亚,453


    Nablus[地]纳布卢斯,362


    Nadir-shah[人]纳迪尔沙,486,488


    Nagchu[地]那曲,533


    Nag-dbang bLo-bzang,见bLo-bzang


    Nagy Czeks[地]纳吉·者克斯,267


    Naiman[族]乃蛮部,xxiv,xxv,126,190-191,204-208,212-217,233,234,235-236,301


    Naissus (Nis)[地]尼什,76


    Nakhichevan[地]纳希切万,281,348,378,430,434,458


    Nakhsheb (Nasef)[地]那黑沙不,341


    Naksh-i Jahan[人]纳黑失只罕,425,619注


    Na-li[人]那利,100


    Namghin[地]安庆(或开封)(马可记),310


    Na-mo[人]那摩,275,276,298


    Nam Tso[地]纳木错(腾格里湖),见Tengri Nor


    Nanchang (Hungchow)[地]南昌(洪州)122,137


    Nancheng[地]南郑(汉中),见Hanchung


    Nanchow[朝]云南国,见Yunnan


    Nangin[地]南京,310


    Nan-kia[专]南家(金人称宋朝),593注


    Nangkiyas (Nang-kiyas; nikasa)[人]宁甲速,593注


    Nanking (Kienkang; Kienning; Kinling-fu; Quelinfu)[地]南京(建康,金陵府),57,62,64,68,132,137,287,308,316,323,325


    Nankow (Kiu-yung-kuan)Pass[地]南关(居庸关),106,507


    Nanshan[地]南山,28,35


    Nanyang[地]南阳,258


    Nan-Yen[朝]南燕,557注


    Naples[地]那不勒斯,319,374


    Narasihapati[人]那罗梯诃波帝,290


    Narasimhagupta[人]纳罗新哈·笈罗,70,71


    Narin, David[人]大卫·纳林,见David Narin


    Naryn[地]纳林河,423


    Nasawi[人]奈撒微(《札兰丁传》的作者),241,589注


    Nasef[地]纳黑沙布,见Nakhsheb


    Nasir, an-(1180-1225)[人](哈里发)纳昔儿,237-238


    Nasir an-(活跃于1320年)[人]纳绥尔(埃及马木路克王朝苏丹),404


    Nasir ad-Din[人]纳速剌丁,601注


    Nasir ad-Din ''Ubaidah[人]纳昔儿·丁·乌拜达拉赫,495


    Nasir Yusuf, an-[人]纳绥尔·玉素甫,360,361-362,362-363


    Nasr ibn-Ahmed[人]纳斯尔·伊本·阿赫默德,141-142


    Nasr II ibn-Ahmed[人]纳斯尔二世(伊本·阿赫默德),142


    Nauruz[人]捏兀鲁思,352,376-380


    Nauruz Ahmed[人]老奴思·阿合木,508


    Naya[人]那雅,215,223


    Nayan (活跃于1287)[人]乃颜,293


    Nayan[人]伯颜,见Bayan (1301-09)


    Nazar[人]那札儿(吉尔吉斯汗),499


    Negda[族]涅格达人,515


    Nehavend[地]尼哈温,116,432


    Nejm Sani[人]纳吉姆·沙尼,484


    Nemesvolgy[地]内麦斯沃尔吉,176


    Neolithic period[专]新石器时期,3


    Nepryadva[地]涅普里亚德瓦河,406


    Nesef[地]内塞弗,457


    Nessa[地]奈撒,241,243


    Nestorian art[文]聂思托里安教艺术,26,124


    Nestorianism[宗]聂思托里安教(景教),125,142,189,190,191,197,220,237,263,270,271,277,280,300-304,306,315,327,341,342,368,369,383,396,397,597注;教士,300,602注;也里可温,300,602注


    Neustadt[地]诺伊施塔特,267


    Nevsky, Alexander[人]亚历山大·涅维斯基,见Alexander Nevsky


    Ngan-t?[人]安得,42,44


    Nghean[地]义安,290


    Nicaea (Iznik)[地]尼西亚(伊兹尼克),153,350,385,451


    Nicephorus I[人]黎塞弗留斯一世,177


    Nichs IV, Pope[人](教皇)尼古拉四世,313,336,373,375,376


    Nichs, Friar[人](修士)尼古拉,319


    Nicolo di Pagana[人]尼可洛·迪帕加纳,404


    Nedia[地]尼科美底亚(伊兹米特),见Izmit


    Nicopolis[地]尼科堡,449,452


    Nicosia[地]尼科西亚,349


    Nien-mo-ho[人]粘没喝,136,137


    Nikyev[地]尼科拉耶夫,4,5


    Nikyevka[地]尼古拉耶夫卡,73


    Nikov P.[人]李柯夫,402


    Nikpai Oghul[人]捏古伯,334,607注


    Nilqa[人]亦剌合(桑昆),见S?ngün


    Nine Oghuz[族]九姓乌古思,见Toquz Oghuz


    Nine Tatar[族]九姓鞑靼,见Toquz Tatar


    Ningan[地]宁干(宁古塔),见Ninguta


    Ningkiang[地]宁江州,136,137


    Ningkwo[地]宁国,287


    Ningpo (Mingchow)[地]宁波(明州),137


    Ningsia (Chunghing; Egrigaia)[地]宁夏(中兴府),108,126,132,226,247-248,299,302,303,306,504,510,511


    Ninguta (Ningan)[地]宁古塔(宁干),515,516


    Ningwu[地]宁武,133


    Ningyüan,[地]宁远,567注


    Nin-kia-su[人]宁甲速,257,258,593注


    Nirun[族]尼鲁温部,193,194


    Nis[地]尼什,见Naissus


    Nishapur[地]尼沙普尔,146,149,150,160,240,241,305,334,369,380,390,427,485


    Nisibin (Nusaybin)[地]尼西比斯(努赛宾),262,361,368


    Niya (Niyang)[地]尼雅,41,49


    Nizam al-Mulk[人]尼查姆·乌尔·莫尔克,152,153,154


    Nizhni Novgorod (Gorki)[地]下诺夫哥罗德(今高尔基),5,470


    Noeldeke, T.[人]诺尔德克,67


    Nogai (Mangit; tribe)[族]诺盖部,470,486-487,490,521,522


    Nogai (Noghai; person)[人]诺盖,366,369,398-403,405


    Nogai (region)[地]诺盖地区,472,473,475


    Noin [地]诺恩乌拉,12,18,25,26,39


    N?ku (n?kud; warriors; free men)[专]那可儿(武士,自由人),195,222


    “Nomad Horsemen”[专]游牧骑士风格,66-67,176


    Nomokhan (Nomoqan)[人]那木罕,292,401


    Nomtarni[人]那蒙塔尼,629注


    Nonni[地]嫩江,39,208,505,509,529


    North Vietnam[朝]安南,北越,见Annam


    Novgorod[地]诺夫哥罗德,265


    Novo Alexandrovka[地]新亚历山德罗夫卡,546注


    Novocherkask[地]新切尔卡斯克,16


    Novogrigorievsk[地]诺沃格里格鲁夫斯克,5


    Nowairi[人]诺瓦里,401,403


    Noyan (as title)[专]那颜(称号),194,222,586注


    Noyandara[人]那颜达拉,511,629注


    Nuh II ibn-Mansur[人]努赫二世,曼苏尔,143,144


    Nuh I ibn-Nasr[人]努赫一世(纳昔),143


    Nur ''Ali[人]奴儿·阿里汗,522


    Nur Daulet[人]努儿道剌特,471


    Nurhachi (Nurkhatsi; Nu-ul-ha-ch''e)[人]努尔哈赤,516-517


    Nusaybin[地]努赛宾(尼西比斯,见Nisibin)


    Nu-shih-pi[族]努失毕部,95,102,103,109


    Nutuq (grazingnds)[专]努士克(牧场),195,221-222


    Nu-ul-ha-ch''e[人]努尔哈赤,见Nurhachi


    Ob[地]鄂毕河,148,185,490,525


    Oboq (n)[专]斡孛黑(氏族),193


    Ochigin (otchigin; as title)[专]斡赤斤(称号),255


    Oder (Odra)[地]奥德河,266


    Odessa[地]敖德沙,13


    Odoli[地]鄂多理,516


    Odorico da Pordenone[人]鄂多立克,216,306,312-320各处


    Odra[地]奥德河,见Oder


    Oelun-eke[人]月伦额格,199,217,218,256,585注


    Og?d?i, ?gedei[人]窝阔台,见Og?d?i


    Ogqan[人]鄂克拉罕,629注


    Oghul[人]沙·斡兀立,见Shah-Oghul


    Oghul Qaimish[人]斡兀立·海迷失,272-274,330,349,596注


    Oghuz (Ghuzz; Torks; Ouzoi; Uzes)[族]乌古思(古兹,乌泽人,奥佐伊人),xxix,148,149,151-155各处,157,160,164,167,181,182,185-186,237,240,393,565注-566注;九姓乌古思,106,110,126,145,565注,566注


    Oghuz-name[书]《乌古思名》,544注,565注-566注


    Okty[地]俄格拉克提村,16,19,549注


    Og?d?i (Og?d?i; ?gedei)[人]窝阔台,210,229,232,238,239,251,254-259,261,262,263,264,267,268,273,282,300,328,330,347,351,352,353,516,592注,593注


    Og?d?i, house of[族]窝阔台家族,273,274,280,286,291,292,294,295,296,329,330,338,394,401,403


    Ogor[族]乌戈尔种,171


    D''Ohsson[人]多桑,210,215,272,330,338


    Oirat (Confederates; Four Confederates or D?rben Oirat Oirad; Oyirad)[族]卫拉特,斡亦剌惕,192,195,207,213,215,479,491,492,493,499,503-510各处,512,513,520-521,522,525,539;参见Choros; D?rb?t; Dzungar; Kalmucks; Khoshot; Torghut


    Oirotin[地]奥罗丁,18


    Oiskaya[地]奥伊什卡亚,558注


    Oka[地]奥卡河,11,470,472,473


    ?k?chi[人]鬼力赤,见Ugechi


    Okhotsk, Sea of[地]鄂霍次克海,515


    Okin-barqaq[人]斡勒巴儿合黑,198,202,228


    Oktar[人]鄂克塔,75


    Olbia[地]奥尔比亚城,73


    Olcha[族]奥尔恰人,515


    Olj?i Temür (Punyasri; Pen-ya-sh?li)[人]本雅失里,504,505,629注


    Oljaitu (Nichs)[人]完者都,315,340,368,372,383-386,396


    Olkhui[地]奥尔克浑河,583注


    Olomouc (Olmütz)[地]奥洛摩茨,266


    Ol?t[族]绰罗斯部,见Choros


    Olugh-beg[人]兀鲁伯,243,417,457,459,460,461,492


    Omar Khayyam[人]奥玛尔·卡雅姆,161


    Omurtag[人]奥慕尔塔克,177


    Onegesis[人]奥尼吉斯,78


    Ongirat[族]弘吉剌惕部,见Qongirat


    Ongkin[地]翁金河,34,35,36,191,286,512,536


    ?ngüt[族]汪古部,xxv,26,213,220,227,228,250,300-302,306,318,400,571注


    Onoghundur (Onogur)[族]乌基杜尔人(乌基尔人),176,177-178


    Onon[地]鄂嫩河(斡难河),193,194,199,200,201,206,216,219,248,255,273,282,504,539


    Oppeln[地]奥珀伦,399


    Oqaylids[朝]鄂克里德朝,154


    Oradea[地]奥拉迪亚,266


    Orda[人]斡儿答,264,393,394,397,406,615注


    Ordos (people)[族]鄂尔多斯人,509-514各处,517,530-531,629注


    Ordos (region)[地]鄂尔多斯(鄂尔多斯艺术),xxii,19,20,27,35,55,88,89,93,126,132,133,189,226,247,510;艺术,13,17,18,19,24-26,50,176


    Ordu (tented pce)[专]斡耳朵(帐廷),255


    Ordubaligh (ordu-baligh)[地]斡耳朵八里(哈拉和林),256,599注;参见Karabalgasun; Karakorum


    Orenburg (Chkalov)[地]奥伦堡,15,394,439,478


    Orestes[人]奥里斯特斯,78


    Orghana[人]兀鲁忽乃,275,286,329,330,331-332


    Orkhan[人]奥尔汗,385


    Orkhon[地]鄂尔浑,xxii,xxiii,20,34,35,38,46,55,61,80,82,83,87,103,106,111,114,125,128,190,196,197,252,256,269,292,312,417,419,504,512,529,539


    Orléans[地]奥尔良,76


    Ormazd (Ahura-Mazda)[宗]阿马兹达神(阿胡拉·马兹达神),84,219


    Ormuz[地]霍尔木兹(忽里模子),见Hormuz


    Oro b?gil?[人]阿罗·波吉乃,198


    Oroch[族]奥罗奇人,515


    Orochon[族]奥罗楚恩人,515


    Org?tü[地]奥古土,565注,567注


    Orsk[地]奥尔斯克,439


    Orta-jüz[族](中帐),见Middle Horde


    Osman[人]奥斯曼一世,见''Uthman I


    Ossetians[族]奥塞梯人,74,442


    Ostrogoths[族]东哥特人,73,75,78


    Ostyak[地]奥斯佳克,489


    Ostyaknguage[文]奥斯特雅克语,576注


    Otar[地]奥塔尔,423


    Otchigin[专]斡赤斤,见Ochigin


    Otemish[人]奥特米什,475


    Otrar[地]讹答剌,235,238,239,270,305,312,332,393,397,400,406,435,436,438,443,453,456


    Otto I (of Germania)[人]奥托一世(日耳曼王),179


    Ottomans[族]奥斯曼人,xxviii,xxix,157,160,164,179,240-241,385,389,391,396,420,446,448-453,471,472,475,477,485


    ?tük?n[地]於都斤山,106,112,561注,564注,565注;参见Khangai


    Otuz Tatar (Thirty Tatar)[族]三十姓鞑靼,106,192,565注


    Ouarkhonitai[族]瓦尔和昆尼(假阿瓦尔人),见Uarkhonites


    Oudh[朝]乌德,444


    Ouzoi[族]奥佐伊人(乌古思),见Oghuz


    Oxus[地]阿克苏斯河(阿姆河),见Amu Darya


    Oyidarma[人]斡亦答马,629注


    Oyirad[族]斡亦剌惕部,见Oirat


    ?zbeg (1210-25)[人]月即别,245,260


    ?zbeg (1312-40)[人]月即别,319,400,404


    ?zbegs[族]乌兹别克人,见Uzbeks


    Ozmish[人]乌苏米施汗,113


    Pachow[地]霸州,133


    Pachymeres, Georgius[人]帕切米尔,399,402


    Padsha-khatun[人]帕夏可敦,366


    Padua[地]帕多瓦,319


    Pagan[朝]蒲甘,291,308


    Pagana, Nicolo di[人]尼可洛·帕格拉,见Nicolo di Pagana


    Pahipuszta[地]帕希普兹塔,176


    Paighu[人]拜格护,149


    Paiteng[地]白登山,27


    Paiza (golden tablet)[专]金匾,369


    Paleolithic period[专]旧石器时代,3


    Palestine[朝]巴勒斯坦,363,364


    Pamirs (Pamier)[地]帕米尔,xxii,41,96,101,118,119,169,236,306,422


    Pan Ch''ao[人]班超,31,42-47,542


    Panipat[地]巴尼伯德,445


    P''an Mei[人]潘美,131


    Pannonia[地]班诺尼亚,72,76,78,173,174,175


    Panshan[地](甘肃的)半山,4


    Pan-ti[人]班第,538,541


    Panticapaeum (Bosporus; Kerch)[地]潘蒂卡派(博斯普鲁斯,刻赤),52,85,173,554注


    Pan Yung[人]班勇,47


    Paoan (Chihtan)[地]保安,61,229,232


    Paochow[地]保州(保定),见Paoting


    Pao-lu-ssu (Paul; name)[人]保鲁斯,301


    Paoning[地]宝宁,258,284


    Paoting (Paochow)[地]保定,108,132,133,230,511


    Pape[地]清迈,见Chiangmai


    Papgonia[地]帕夫拉戈尼亚,452


    Paquette[人]帕库特,280


    Parak[地]帕拉克河(奇尔奇克河),见Chirchik


    Paris[地]巴黎,374-375


    Parthians[族]帕提亚人,31,32,47,49


    Pascal (the Spaniard)[地]巴斯喀尔,342


    Pasianoi[族]帕夏洛伊人,30


    Patzanakitai[族]佩切涅格人,见Pet-chenegs


    Paul (of Cilicia)[人](西里西亚人)保罗,84


    Pavia[地]帕维亚,76,178


    Pa-ya-tsi[人]拜牙即,499


    Pazyryk[地]帕兹雷克,xxiii,xxv,18,19,544注,549注


    Pegolotti[人]佩戈洛蒂,Pratica de mercatura,311


    Pegu[朝]白古国,290


    Pehlewan[人]帕列文,158


    P''ei[族]裴氏,115


    Pei-Ch''i[朝]北齐,66,82


    Pei-Chou[朝]北周,66,83


    Pei-Han (Ts''ien-Chao; dynasty)[朝]北汉(前赵),56


    Pei-Han (kingdom)[朝]北汉王国,130,131


    Pei-Jung[族]北戎,19-20


    P''ei Kiu[人]裴矩,89


    Pei-Liang (Tsu-k''iu)[朝]北凉(沮渠),61-62,64


    Pei-Shih[书]《北史</a>》,70


    Peiting[地]北庭(别失八里)见Beshbaligh


    Pei-Yen[朝]北燕,61,557注;参见Jehol


    Pekh (mayor of the pce)[专]帕克(宫廷侍长),577注


    Peking (Cambaluc; Chi; Chung-tu; Jungdu; Khanbaligh; Tatu; Yen; Yenching; Yenchow; Yüchow)[地]北京(汗八里,中都,大都),xxvii,xxix,xxx,34,58,127,129,130,131,133,134,136,138,139,146,148,164,165,189,196,224,227,229,230,232,253,257,288,295,302,303,305,307,308,312,313,316-317,318,319,324,325,340,479,502,507,510,511,514,516,518,530,538,539,587注,588注,599注


    Pelliot, Paul[人]伯希和,xxv,24,53,80-81,96,97,107,173,193,197-198,221,257,271,272,298,301,303,304,305,307,318,347,348,349


    Pem[地]克里亚,见Keriya


    Pengcheng (Sinhsien)[地]彭城,64


    Pen-ya-sh?-li[人]本雅失里,见Olj?i Temür


    Pepin[人]丕平,175


    Peregrino[人]帕莱格尼努,314


    Perm[地]帕姆森林,15,548注


    Perovsk (Kzl-Orda)[地]波罗威斯克(今克孜勒奥尔达),149,238


    Peroz[人]卑路支,68


    Persepolis[地]帕赛波里斯,7


    Persian art[文]波斯艺术,122,124,311,367,457,467


    Persiannguage[文]波斯语,157,243,604注


    Pervane (chancellor)[专]丞相,370


    Perwan[地]八鲁湾,241,242,590注


    Peschanaia[地]雅米谢威斯克,见Yamishevsk


    Peshawar[地]白沙瓦,69


    Pest[地]佩斯,266,267


    Peta[人]拜塔,见Baidar


    Petchenegs (Bachanak; Patzanakitai)[族]佩彻涅格人,xxiv,xxviii,178,181,182,184-185,186


    Peter, Brother[人]彼得,342


    Peter (of Crempa)[人]彼得(克雷蒙巴的),399


    Peter (of Florence)[人]彼得(佛罗伦萨的),314


    Peter (Metropolitan of Moscow)[人]彼得(莫斯科主教),617注


    Peter the Great[人]彼得一世,475,522;珍宝,13,16,548注


    Pétis de Croix[人]佩替·德·拉·克鲁阿,439


    Petreny[地]彼特里尼,4


    Petronas[人]帕特罗纳斯,180


    Petrovsk[地]彼得罗夫斯克,577注


    Petrus da Lucalongo[人]彼得鲁斯,313,314


    Phags-pa[人]八思巴,298-299,513


    Phanagoria[地]法纳戈里亚,180


    Philippopolis (Plovdiv)[地]菲利普波利斯,76


    Philip the Fair[人]金发菲利普,374,375-376,384


    Phocaea[地]福西亚,452


    Phraates II[人]弗拉亚特斯二世,31


    Phrygia[地]弗里吉亚,8,155,157,385,452,453


    Pi[人]比,39


    Pianfu[地]平阳府(平阳)见Pingyang


    Pianobor[专]皮亚诺波尔文化,73


    Piano Carpini[人]普兰·迦儿宾,7,216,221,224-225,257,270,271,272,348,395,396


    Piatigorsk[地]皮亚蒂戈尔斯克,5


    P''ien[地]汴(开封),见Kaifeng


    Pinchow[地]豳州,90


    Pingcheng (Tai)[地]平城(代郡),27,57,60,63,65


    Pingchüan[地]平川,128


    Pingliang[地]平凉,248,257


    Pinglu[地]平卢,128


    Pingtinghsiang[地]平定乡(善阐),见Shanshan


    Pingyang (Pianfu)[地]平阳,56,57,229,232,257,307


    Pir Budaq[人]皮儿·布达克,461


    Pir Muhammad ibn-Jahangir[人]皮儿·马黑麻·伊本·只罕杰儿,456,457


    Pir Muhammad ibn- ''Umar-shaikh[人]皮儿·马黑麻,444,456,457


    Pisannaya gora[地]卡拉苏河,见Kara-yus


    Pishpek[地](谢米列契耶)皮什比克,见Semirechye


    Plovdiv[地]菲利普波利斯(普罗夫迪夫),见Philippopolis


    Podgortsa[地]波德戈尔扎,6


    Podio, Francesco da[人]弗朗希斯科,见Francesco da Podio


    Pohai[朝]渤海国,128,515


    Pohuan[地]拨换城(阿克苏),见Aksu (town and province)


    Pokrovsk (Engels)[地]波克罗夫斯克,5


    P''o-juan[人]婆闰,102


    Pnd[地]波兰,孛烈儿,266,395,399


    “Po-lo”[族]薄罗人,69


    Polo,Maffeo[人]马弗·孛罗,304-309,313


    Polo, Marco[人]马可,波罗,216,252,290,293,296,297,298,302,305-313,320,371


    Polo, Nolo[人]尼古拉·孛罗,304-309,313


    P''o-lo-men[人]婆罗门,81


    Polovtsy[族]波洛伏齐人(钦察人),见Kipchaks


    Poltava[地]波尔塔瓦,407,436


    Polybius[人]波里比阿(史家),15


    Pompeius Trogus[人]彭沛乌斯·托古斯30,31


    Pontis[地]彭蒂斯,8,9,18,182,449


    Pordenone, Odorico da[人]鄂多立克,见Odorico da Pordenone


    Port Arthur[地]旅顺港,128


    Po Shuen[人]帛纯,50,59


    Postal service[专]帝国邮政,318


    Potemkin[人]波特金,477


    Poyang, Lake[地]鄱阳湖,137,323,324


    Po-yao-ho[人]波姚河,227,301


    Po-yen[人]伯颜(将领),见Bayan (活跃于1276年)


    Pozdneev[人]波兹尼夫,526


    Prabhakara[人]波罗羯罗,72


    Prabhakaramitra[人]波罗颇迦罗密多罗,94


    Prato, Guiume da[人]纪尧姆·波拉特,见Guiume da Prato


    “Prester John”[专]约翰长老,191,306,318


    Priscus[人]普里斯卡斯,78


    Priscus (活跃于600年)[人]普利斯卡斯(拜占庭将军),174


    Prokhorovka[地]普罗霍罗夫卡,15


    Protoshilovo[地]普罗托什洛沃,558注


    Provence[地]普罗旺斯,178


    Prut[地]普鲁特河,392


    Pseudoavars[族]假阿瓦尔人,171,172


    Ptolemy[人]托勒密,xxiii,28,40,41,306


    Puchow[地]浦州(河中),见Hochung


    P''u Hung[人]苻洪,58


    Pd (活跃于1718年)[人]布拉特,见Bt


    Pd (Bolod; 活跃于1407-12年)[人]不剌汗,470


    Pd (Bolod; ce)[地]普拉德,331


    Pdshi[人]播鲁只,见Bji


    Pul-i Sengi (Stone Bridge)[地]普勒伊森格,411


    Pulu, Great[朝]大勃律,见Baitistan


    Pulu, Little[朝]小勃律,见Gilgit


    Punjab[人]旁遮普,32,49,69,71-72,80,146,167,168,315,339,443,444,445,446


    Puntsuk-Monchak[人]明楚克汗,521-522,525


    Punyasri[人]本雅失里,见Olj?i Temür


    Puragupta[人]普罗·笈多,70


    Pu-su-wan[人]耶律诗(普速完),见Ye-lü Shih


    Puszta[专]“无树平原”,267


    Pusztatoti[地]普兹塔托蒂,176


    Puyanghsien[地]濮阳县(澶州),见Shenchow


    Qaan[专]合罕,罕,见Khagan


    Qabul (Qabul-khan; Qabul-khagan)[人]合不勒汗,138,197,202


    Qachi''un[人]哈赤温,199,218,255


    Qada''an[人]哈丹,264,266,267,274,293,294,593注,599注


    Qadagin[族]哈答斤部,见Qatakin


    Qadaq[人]合答黑,270,274


    Qadirkhan[地]兴安岭,见Khingan


    Qadir-khan (person)[人]哈亦儿汗(亦剌乞克),见Inalchiq


    Qadir-khan Jibra''il[人]喀迪尔汗·贾布拉伊尔,159


    Qadir-khan Yusuf[人]喀迪尔汗·玉素甫,146,147


    Qadisiya[地]卡迪西亚,116


    Qaidu[人]海都,63,194,197,200,264,266,274,286,291-296,303-304,305,308,321,332-336,338,376,401,403,512,606注-607注


    Qa''im, al-[人]阿尔·哈伊木,151


    Qaisar (as title)[专]凯撒,450


    Qal''a-i-Sefid[地]喀拉伊舍弗德,432


    Qqaljit-elet (“Qqaldjit-elet”)[地]合兰真沙陀,210,211


    Qwun[人]嘉拉温苏丹,371


    Qam (shaman)[专]昆木(萨满),195


    Qamar ad-Din[人]哈马儿丁,344,422,423,424,425


    Qan[专]罕,合罕,见Khagan


    Qan-baliq[地]汗八里,见Khanbaligh


    Qanqli[族]康里,237,247


    Qapagan-khagan[人]默啜(突厥碑文上记),见Mo-ch''o


    Qara-buqa[人]哈拉不花,599注


    Qarachu moners)[专]哈拉抽(平民),195,222,531


    Qara-Hul?gu[人]哈剌旭烈兀,271,274,329


    Qarai[人]克烈,479-480


    Qarakuchum[人]哈拉库楚姆,470


    Qara-Muhammad Turmush[人]哈拉·马合木·吐穆斯,431


    Qara-Qoyunlu (ck Sheep)[朝]喀喇-科雍鲁(黑羊王朝),160,391,430-431,433,434,435,449,458,459,461-462


    Qarataghlik[朝]黑山派,501,527-528,541


    Qaratal[地]卡拉套山,见Kara-Tal


    Qara''un Qabchal[地]喀拉昆·巴查尔,578注


    Qara''utai tergen (wheeled wagons)[专]哈剌兀台·帖儿坚(轮车),196


    Qara-Yusuf[人]哈拉·玉素甫,391,433,434,435,449,458,459


    Qariya (administrative division)[专](行政机构)营,530


    Qarluq[族]葛逻禄人,95,109,110,113,114,119-120,145,165,233,234,238,565注


    Qarshi[地]卡尔施城,见Karshi


    Qasaq-tergen (wheeled wagons)[专]合撒黑·帖儿坚,196


    Qasar[人]哈撒儿,199,200,206,214,217-218,229-230,255,256,580注,586注


    Qasim (of Astrakhan; 死于1469年)[人]卡西姆,472


    Qasim (of Kazan; 活跃于1466年)[人]卡西姆(金帐汗库楚克·马哈麻之子),472


    Qasim (约1509-18)[人]哈斯木,480,508,626注


    Qatakin (Qadagin; Qatagin)[族]哈答斤部,194,206,207,208,213


    Qatwan[地]卡特文,160,165,333


    Qawurd[人]喀乌德,152,153


    Qayaligh (Cac)[地]海押立,234,238,272,277


    Qazaqs[族]哈萨克人,见Kirghiz-Kazakhs


    Qazghan[人]迦慈罕,342-343,409,426,427


    Qilich Arn IV[人]乞立赤·阿尔斯兰四世,269,272,350,354,359


    Qilich Tamgatch-khan Mas''ud[人]乞尼克·桃花石汗·马苏德,574注


    Qiniqs[族]乞尼黑部,148


    Qirq-yer[地]奇尔克耶城(巴赫切萨拉伊),见Bakhchisarai,471


    Qobaq[地]霍博,273,349


    Q?l (center of army)[专]中军,中翼军,223


    Qongirat (Ongirat; Qongarat; Qongrad)[族]弘吉剌惕部,194,200,206,207,210


    Qongrad[族]弘吉剌惕部,见Qongirat


    Qorchi[人]火儿赤,202


    Qorchin (tribe)[族]科尔沁部,见Khorchin


    Qorchin (bodyguard of quiver bearers)[专]豁儿赤(箭筒士),582注


    Qo (Qor)[族]火鲁剌思,194,207


    Qorqonaq Jubur[地]合儿郭纳黑·朱布儿,201,202


    Qorisü-b?ki[人]火力速八赤,212,214


    Qoshun, qosighun (banners; administrative divisions)[族]库西昆(旗),530


    Qoun[族]看钦察人,见Kipchaks


    Qubi, Quby, Quy[人]忽必烈,见Kui


    Qucha[人]忽察,273,274


    Quchar[人]火察儿,203,208,212


    Qudatqu bilig (Yusuf Khass Hajjib)[人](霍吉勃)玉素甫·喀什(《福乐智慧》的作者),148


    Qudu''udar[人]忽都塔儿,582注


    Quegianfu[地]京兆府(长安),见Changan


    Quelinfu[地]金陵府(南京),见Nanking


    Quian[地](马可记)长江,见Yangtze


    Quilon (Coilum; Kom)[地]奎隆,309,311,312,319


    Quinsai[地](马可记)杭州,见Hangchow


    Qn[人]忽阑,215


    Qn-Bashi[地]忽兰巴什,244


    Qulbar[人]忽儿巴儿,582注


    Qum[地]库木,245,590注


    Qumani[族]库蛮(钦察人),见Kipchaks


    Qumiz[专]忽迷思,见Kumiss


    Qungrad[族]昆吉剌部,421


    Qurban Telesut[人]库尔班·特勒苏特,578注


    Quriltat (assembly)[专]库里勒台(部落大会),213,216,217,221,256,259,269-270,273,274,282,284,285,328,333,338,353,358,584注-585注


    Quriqan[人]骨利干,106,564注,578注


    Qurjaquz (Cyriacus)[人]忽儿察忽思,192


    Qutadmish[人]忽塔德迷失,302


    Qutaiba[人]库泰拔,116-117


    Qutb ad-Din[人]忽特哀丁,353


    Qutb ad-Din Habash ''Amid[人]哈巴什·阿密德,328,329


    Qutlugh (Elterish)[人]骨咄禄,103,106,107


    Qutlugh Bilg? (Ku-li P''ei-lo; Ku-to-lu Pei-kia k''iu; Huai-jen)[人]骨咄禄毗伽阙可汗,113-114


    Qutlugh-buqa[人]忽特鲁格不花,406


    Qutlugh-khan (dynasty)[朝]忽特鲁汗朝,260


    Qutlugh-khoja[人]忽都鲁·火者,339,382


    Qutlugh-shah (dynasty)[朝]忽特鲁沙王朝,353,366


    Qutlugh-shah (person)[人]忽特鲁沙,382


    Qutlumish[人]库吐尔米希,见Qutulmish


    Qutui-khatun[人]忽推可敦,371,372


    Qut[人]忽图剌,198,201,202,208


    Qutulmish (Qutlumish)[人]库吐尔米希,150,152


    Qutuqa-b?ki[人]忽都花别吉,213


    Qutuqtu (as title)[专]呼图克图(崇敬的,神圣的),297-298


    Qutuz[人]忽都思,364,365


    Quyildar (Quyildar-sechen)[人]忽亦勒答儿,210


    Quyash[地]虎牙思,326


    Qyzyl Arn[人]凯佐尔·阿尔斯兰,155,158


    Qyzyl-bash, Lake (Ulyungur Nor)[地]克孜尔巴什湖,205


    Qyzyl-qaya[地]克孜勒卡亚,见Kizilkaya


    Raab[地]拉布河,175


    Rabban-?rk?gün (Christian priests and monks)[人]列班—也里可温僧,300


    Rabban-ata (Simeon; Li-pien-a-ta)[人]列班·阿塔,263,270,347-348,594注


    Rabban Sauma[人]列班·扫马,301,302-303,313,336,368,369,372,374-375,377,612注


    Raden Vijaya[人]拉登·韦查耶(土罕必阇耶),291


    Radkan[地]拉德坎,390


    Rahiba[地]拉希巴,385


    Rai (Rhagae)[地]剌夷,雷伊,40,142,143,150,151,155,167,240,245,261,312,453,457,461,462,590注


    “Rajputs”[族]拉其普特部,72


    Rajyavarhana[人]罗伽伐弹那,72


    Rashid ad-Din (Fadl Ah Rashid ad-Din Tabib)[人]拉施特哀丁(《史集》的作者),381,384,387;Jami-ut-Tavarikh,193,198,205,215,219,231,248,250,264,266,271,321,333,354,355,357,364-365,365-366,378,381-382,383,393,397,403,404,478,589注


    Ratibor[地]拉蒂博尔,266


    Rawak[地]剌窝,48


    Ray Dul Chand[人]拉伊·杜尔·查德,444


    Reindeer[专]驯鹿,18


    Rémusat, A.[人]雷慕沙,251


    Rhagae[地]剌夷,雷伊,见Rai


    Rheims[地]兰斯,178


    Rhine[地]莱茵河,76,78


    Rhodes[地]罗德斯岛,477


    Richard of Burgundy[人](勃艮地的)李嘉德,342


    Rinchenpal[人]懿璘质班,321


    Rogerii carmen miserabile[书]《可怜的诺基里·卡曼》,267


    Roman (of Ryazan)[人]罗曼,265


    Roman Empire[朝]罗马帝国,47,55,56,57,60,74-76,78-79


    Roman Empire, Eastern[朝]东罗马帝国(拜占庭帝国),见Byzantine Empire


    Romanus Diogenes[人]狄根尼斯·罗曼努斯,152,184


    Romanus Lecapenus[人]罗曼努斯·尼卡彭努斯,181


    Rome[地]罗马,57,305,374,375


    Ross, Denison[人]罗斯·丹尼斯,423


    Rostovtzeff[人]罗斯托夫兹夫,15,16


    Roxni[族]罗克索兰人,72


    Ruas (Rugas; Rug)[人]卢噶斯,75


    Rubruck, William of[人]卢布鲁克,7,94,190,197,216,226,274,276-277,280-281,315,392-397,400,512,579注,585注,596注,597注


    Ruffo, Marco[人]马可·拉菲,470


    Rugas, Rug[人]卢噶斯,见Ruas


    Rui[人]沙哈鲁,51


    Rukh, Shah[人]沙哈鲁,243,417,432-433,456-460,492


    Rukh, Shah (活跃于1710年)[人]沙·鲁克,488


    Rukn ad-Din Khoja[人](起儿漫的)鲁肯哀丁火者,353


    Rukn ad-Din Kurshah[人]鲁肯丁库沙,354


    Rukn ad-Din Mahmud[人]鲁肯·阿德丁-马赫默德,159,165,574注


    Rumania[地]罗马尼亚,395,446


    Rus[朝]罗斯,265


    Russia[朝]罗斯,俄罗斯,181,182,224,247,260-261,265,270,271,395,396,404,405-406,407,419,420,433-434,436,469-473,475,477,486-490,522,532,538,540


    Rustam (person)[人]罗思檀,456,457,458


    Rustam (ce)[地]拉斯塔姆,428


    Rum[地]罗姆,153,450,614注


    Rusudan[人]鲁速丹,260,263,350


    Ryazan[朝]里亚赞,265,395,470


    Sa''adi[人]撒迪,161


    Sabaria[地]沙巴里亚,175


    Sabir (Sabiri)[族]沙比尔人,172


    Sabran[地]扫兰,406,435,438


    S?ch?-b?ki[人]撒察别乞,202,203,204


    Saciu[地]沙州(敦煌,马可所记),见Tunhwang


    Sa''d[人]赛德,359


    Sa''d ad-Da[人]撒菲·倒剌,372-373,377


    Sa''d ibn-Zengi[人]撒德·伊本·赞吉,260


    Sadovets[人]沙多威兹,575注


    Sadr-jihan (minister)[专]沙狄尔·吉汗(大臣),377


    Safa Girei[人]沙法·格来,475


    Safarids[朝]萨法尔王朝,142


    Safavids[朝]萨菲王朝,462,482,483,484


    Sagamoni Burcan[宗](佛陀)释迦穆尼,见Buddha


    Sahib Girei[人]沙希布·格来,473


    Sa''id (Sa''id-khan)[人]赛德汗,497,498,499,500


    Saif ad-Din[人]赛福丁,330


    Sahib-divan (as title)[专]沙黑勃迪万(理财大臣),351


    Sain-khan (as title)[专]赛恩汗(意为好汗),254,395


    Sain-khan (person)[人]撒因汗,赛因汗,见Batu


    Sain Noyan[地]赛音诺颜,53,107,191,512


    Saint-Denis, abbey of[地]圣丹尼勒(教堂),374


    St. Michael of Tarel (nr. Nisibin)[地]圣米切勒修道院,368


    St. Thomé[地]圣托马斯,315


    Sairam (Isfijab)[地]赛拉木(伊斯法吉勃),235,423,460,463,482,492,495,496,532


    Sairam Nor[地]赛里木湖,331


    Sajo[地]撒岳河(《元史》作漷宁河),226,266


    Saka (Sakai; Shaka; Sse)[族]萨迦,塞人(萨迦伊),xxiii,7,8,16,28-32,36,40,100,545注-546注;参见Scythians


    Sakanguage[文]塞语,萨迦语,xxiii,29


    Sakarai (Saka Rawaka; Saraucae)[族]萨迦劳赖人,30,31


    Sakastana[地]萨迦斯坦纳,31


    Sakmara (Semmur)[地]萨克马拉河,439


    Sdin[人]萨拉丁,360,362


    Salbak-Turkan[人]萨尔贝克突干,236


    Salendi[人]萨伦迪,330


    Salghurids[朝]萨尔古尔王朝,169,260,353,354,366


    Sali-Sarai[地]萨里·萨莱,342,412,413


    Salji''ut (Saljigut)[族]散只兀惕部,194,206,207,208,213


    Saljük[人]塞尔柱克,见Seljuk (ruler)


    Salmony, Alfred[人]阿尔弗雷德·沙尔莫尼,26


    Salonika[地]萨洛尼卡,449


    Salt Range[地]盐山,71,444


    Samagir[族]萨马吉尔人,515


    Saman[族]萨曼家庭,141


    Samandar[地]萨曼塔尔,181,577注


    Samanids[朝]萨曼王朝,141-144,149


    Samara (Kuibyshev)[地]萨马拉(古比雪夫),5,440


    Samaria[地]萨马里亚,362


    Samarkand (Kanda; Markanda)[地]撒马尔罕,撒麻耳干(坎塔,马尔干达),xxv,xxix,30,96,116,117,118,120,141,142,146,147,153,159,160,165,168,169-170,234,237,239,243,244,253,254,255,312,326,327,328,331,332,333,335,338,340,344,345,353,369,411,412,413,421,423,425-429,432,433,435,439,445,448,453,457,459,460,461,463,464,465,481,483,484,485,492,494,496,498


    Samnan[地]西模娘,240,428,461


    Samuqa ba''atur[人]三木合巴儿秃,232,588注


    Samur[地]萨穆尔山,441


    Sanang Sechen[人]萨囊彻辰,297-298,503,504,505,506,511,515,630注


    Sanatroikes[人]沙拉特洛伊克斯(辛剌特拉克斯),见Sinatrukes


    Sandilkh[人]桑第克,79


    Sandomierz[地]桑多梅日城,266,399


    Sanga (Sang-ko)[人]桑哥,297,601注


    Sangari Isaac[人]伊沙克·圣格里,180-181


    S?ngim[地]圣吉木,96,98


    Sang-ko[人]桑哥,见Sanga


    Sangs-rgyas rgya-msho[人]桑结嘉措,524,532


    S?ngün (Ilqa; Nilqa)[人]桑昆(亦剌合,圣公),205,206,209,210,211,212,582注


    Saniz-mirza[人]米儿咱·桑尼司,494


    Sanjar[人]桑伽,xxix,159-160,161,165,166,237,240,241,418,573注-574注


    Sanskrit[文]梵文,49,59,96,97,101,124


    Sapurgan[人]沙拉特洛伊克斯(辛剌特拉克斯),见Sheburgan


    Saqsin[地]沙利格·欣(沙克新)伊提尔城,见Itil


    Saracens[族]萨拉逊人,374


    Saraga[地](托勒密记)洛阳,41


    Sarai[地]萨莱,281,304,312,393,400,402,403,407,420,436,437,441,442,470,471


    Sarakhs[地]萨拉赫斯,167,427


    Saratov[地]萨拉托夫,5,10,522


    Saraucae[族]萨迦劳赖伊,见Sakarai


    Sarban[人]撒里蛮,292


    Sarbedarians[族]赛尔巴朵尔人,343,390,426,427,428


    S?rbi[族]鲜卑族名来源,557注


    S?rgis[人]萨吉斯,349


    S?rgis (Sergius), St.[人]吉·薜儿吉斯,191


    S?rgis, Mar[人]马薜里吉斯,见Mar S?rgis


    Sari[地]萨里,429,432


    Sarigh-shin[地]沙利格·欣城(伊提尔城)见Itil


    Sarikol[地]萨里豁勒河,236


    Sari-Uigur[族]萨里回鹘,125


    Sarkel (B Vezha; Bya Vezha)[地]沙克尔(白城),180,181,577注


    Sarkis (Serge)[人]萨尔吉斯,358


    Sarmatians[族]萨尔马特人,xxiii,7,10,13,15-17,19,25,28,40,52,72,73,78,548注;参见ns; Saka; Scythians


    Sarosios[人]萨罗秀斯,172


    Sar-Otar (Tar-Ussar; Zahidan)[地]沙尔-奥塔尔(塔尔乌沙,扎希丹),620注


    Sartaq[人]撒里答,277,396-397,592注,615注


    Sartes (Sarta''ut; Sartaghol)[族]萨尔特人,589注


    Saruhan[地]萨鲁汉,449,451,452


    Sary-Su[地]萨雷河,148,149,393,403,406,435,439,478,479,480,485,508


    Sas-Kya[人]萨斯迦,298,595注


    Sassanids[朝]萨珊王朝,xxx,50-51,52,67-68,82-84,85,96,116,141,142


    Satilmish-beg[人]萨替尔密什·伯克,335


    Satoq Bughra-khan[人]博格拉汗萨图克,145


    Sauma, Rabban[人]列班·扫马,见Rabban Sauma


    “Sauromatians”[族]撒乌罗玛泰伊人,548注


    Sava[地]萨瓦河,174,175


    Savignano, Andalo da[人]安德鲁·沙维格纳诺,见Andalo da Savignano


    Sayan[地]萨彦岭,xxv


    Sayyid ''Abd-Ah-khan[人]赛义德·阿拉汗,488


    Sayyid Ahmed[人]赛义德·阿合木,624注


    Sayyid Ajall (Shams ad-Din ''Umar)[人]赛夷阿扎儿,赛哀丁乌马儿,297,601注


    Sayyid ''Ali[人]赛义德·阿里,461,492,493,624注,626注


    Sayyid Muhammad-mirza[人]赛义德·马黑麻·米儿咱,499


    Sayyid Muhammad Rahim-khan[人]赛义德·穆罕默德·拉希姆汗,488


    Sayyids[朝]赛义德王朝,432


    Schefold, K.[人]舍夫德,13


    Schipenitz[地]斯奇彭尼兹,4


    Scythia[地]斯基泰人之地,276,392


    Scythian art[文]斯基泰艺术,7,11-15,18


    Scythians (Ashkuz; Skythai)[族]斯基泰人,xxiii,xxvi,4-12,15-16,17,19,21,23,28,29,40,72,546注;参见Saka; Sarmatians


    Sebeos[人]亚美尼亚史学家,561注


    Sebüktigin[人]赛布克特勤,143,144


    Sebzewar (Shindand)[地]撒卜兹瓦儿,343,345-346,390,410,426,428,485


    Sechen (as title)[专]薛禅(称号),194-195


    Sechen (person)[人]薛禅汗,510


    Sechen-khan (khanate)[人]车臣汗(车臣汗国),512


    Sechen-khan (死于1676年)[人]车臣汗(僧格之弟,准噶尔部人),526,527


    Sechen-khan (死于1691年)[人]车臣汗(喀尔喀部),529


    Secret History(of the Mongols; Manghol un Niuca Tobca''an)[书]《秘史》(蒙古人的),190,197,198,201-205,209,210,212-216,218,247,250,415,544注,601注


    Segon-ghar, 见Jegün-ghar[专]左翼军


    Seima[地]色玛,5


    Seistan[地]锡斯坦,31,32,411,415,428,429


    Selenga[地]色楞格河,113,191,192,193,194,205,479,512


    Selenginsk[地]色楞金斯克,558注


    Seleucia[地]塞硫西亚,357,368,369


    Seleucids[朝]塞硫古王朝,31,157


    Selitrennoe[地]谢利特连诺耶,400


    Seljuk (Saljük; ruler)[人]塞尔柱克,148-149


    Seljuks[族]塞尔柱克人,xxviii,147-155,157-161,164,165,166-167,184,185,189,236,240,245,261,263,272,281,305,312,347,350,354,355,370,377,382,385,572注


    Seljuk-shan[专]塞尔柱克沙赫,366


    Semiptinsk[地]谢米巴拉金斯克,254,392,478,523


    Semirechye (Pishpek)[地]谢米列契耶,80,114,236,272,341,424,566注,607注


    Semmur[地]萨克马拉河(《武功记》中记法),见Sakmara


    Sempad[人]森帕德,269,271


    Sempad Bagratuni[人]森帕德(巴格拉德尼),561注


    Sengge[人]僧格,526


    Sens[地]桑斯,178


    Seoul[地]汉城,259,289


    Sera metropolis[地](托勒密记)长安,41


    Serbia[朝]塞尔维亚,449


    Serbs[专]塞尔维亚人,451


    Seret[地]谢列特河,177


    “Serica”[地]塞里斯,xxiii; 参见Issedon Serica


    Serindia[地]西域,xxi


    Setsen(as title)[专]薛禅或薛层(称号),194-195


    Setserlik-mandal[地]车泽尔里克曼达勒,53


    Sevan, Lake[地]塞凡湖(哥克察克湖),见Gokcha, Lake


    Sevata (of Kachen)[人](卡城的)塞瓦塔,360


    Seven Brothers tumuli[专]七兄弟墓,15


    Seyhan[人]塞伊汉,361


    Sha[地]沙河,132


    Sha-ch''a Chung-yi[人]沙吒忠义,108


    Shachow[地]沙州(敦煌),见Tunhwang


    Shad (as title)[专]设(官名),87


    Shad al-Mulk[人]夏德·穆尔克,457


    Shadi-beg[人]沙狄汗,443,469-470


    Shafi''ites[宗]沙菲派,400


    Shahi[朝]沙赫王朝,119


    Shahin Girei[人]沙希因·格来,477


    Shah-khan[人]沙·汗,499


    Shah Namah[书]《帝王史记</a>》,97,159


    Shah-Oghul[人]沙·斡兀立,338


    Shahrbaraz[人]沙赫巴拉兹,174


    Shahr-i Sebz[地]沙赫里夏勃兹,见Kesh


    Shahrud[地]和椟城(赫卡托姆皮洛斯),见Hecatompylos


    Shajare-i Turk[书]《突厥世系》阿布哈齐著,见Abu''l Ghazi Bahadur


    Shaka[族]萨迦人,塞人,见Saka


    Shama-i Jahan (Sham-i Jahan)[人]沙迷查干,425


    Shamakha[地]沙马哈,246


    Shamanism[宗]萨满教,23,84,86,172,190,195,197,208,215,220,513


    Shams ad-Din II (活跃于1279)[人]沙姆斯哀丁二世,370


    Shams ad-Din II (活跃于1329)[人]沙姆斯哀丁二世,390


    Shams ad-Din Juvaini[人]沙哀丁·志费尼,367


    Shams ad-Din Muhammad Kert[人]沙姆斯哀丁·穆罕默德,334,352-353,354,369-370


    Shams ad-Din ''Umar[人]赛丁乌马儿(赛夷阿扎尔),见Sayyid Ajall


    Shams al-Mulk Nasr[人]沙姆·乌尔·莫尔克·纳赛尔,147,152-153


    Shan[专]掸邦,291


    Shang[朝]商朝,5


    Shangkiu[地]上谷,35


    Shang-shung[地]桑雄拉关隘,533


    Shangtuho (Chandu; Cyandu; Dolonnor; Tolun Nor)[地]上都府,多伦诺尔,3,285,288,298,307,324,325,510,529


    Shanhaikwan[地]山海关,127,517


    Shan-man(shaman)[宗]萨满,195


    Shanshan (Pingtinghsiang; Yunnanfu)[地]善阐(平定乡;云南府),鄯善(罗布泊),42-43,46,47,49,54,59,62,95,96,284;参见Lob Nor


    Shansi[地]山西,19,20,25,27,34,35,47,54,56-60,63,65,90,106,107,127,129,130,131,133,137,138,164,213,227,228,232,233,301,303,307,324,325,507,510,517,519,529


    Shantung[地]山东,57,58,59,64,65,137,138,229,232,308,316


    Shaohing[地]绍兴,122


    Sha-po-lo[人]沙钵略,88


    Shanyü(town)[地]单于都护府(绥远城),见Suiyuan (town)


    Shan-yü(Ch''eng-li Ku-t''u Shan-yü; as title)[专]单于(撑犁孤涂单于),20,23


    Shara (Dzasagtu-khan)[人]扎萨克图汗,528,529


    Shara Muren[地]沙拉木伦河(辽河),54,127,128,130,136,325,502


    Shari''a w code)[专]沙里亚法,416


    Sharif ad-Din[人]歇甫里丁,410,414,434,451


    Sharkhiyan[地]沙尔希延,146


    Shash[地]柘析,见Tashkent


    Sha-t''o (Ch?l; Ch''u-yueh)[族]沙陀人(处月),100,126-127,569注


    Shaukam[专]少监,233


    Shayban (活跃于1240年)[人]昔班,264,266,267,393-394,478


    Shaybani[人]昔班尼,见Muhammad Shaybani


    Shaybanids[朝]昔班王朝,xxviii,394,460,471,478-490,508,614注-615注


    Sheburgan (Sapurgan)[地]沙普甘,305,343


    She-hu (yabghu)[专]合候(称号),30


    Shenchow; Kaichow; Puyanghsien; Shen-yüan[地]澶州(满族地名开州,今濮阳县),132,133,570注


    Shensi[地]陕西,20,25,34,53,54,57,58,59,61,66,132,136,138,232,257,283,284,285,307,518


    Shen-wen (Simeon; name)[人]西蒙,301


    Shenyang (Mukden)[地]沈阳,516


    Shenyüan[地]澶渊(澶州),见Shenchow


    She-wei[族]室韦,578注


    Shibe[地]希柏,18


    Shigi-qutuqu[人]失吉忽秃忽,220,231,241,242,587注-588注,593注


    Shihab ad-Din Muhammad (Muhammad of Ghor)[人]希哈布·阿德丁·摩诃末,168


    Shih Chung-kuei[人]石重贵,130


    Shih Hu[人]石虎,58


    Shih King-t''ang[人]石敬瑭,127,129-130


    Shih-kuei[人]射匮,89,93


    Shih Lei[人]石勒,57-58


    Shih-li-mang-kia-lo (Sri Mang)[人]失里忙伽罗,119


    Shih-pi[人]始毕,89,90


    Shih Pi[人]史弼,291


    Shih-pu-ch''eng[地]石堡城,118


    Shih-tie-mi[人]室点密,见Ist?mi


    Shi''ites[宗]十叶派(伊斯兰教派),142-143,150,151,390,483,484;参见Im


    Shiktur (Shinktur)[人]势都儿,293


    Shilka[地]石勒喀河,515


    Shimonoseki Strait[地](日本)下关,289


    Shindand[地]撒卜兹瓦尔,见Sebzewar


    Shinktur[人]势都儿,见Shiktur


    Shir?m?n[人]失烈门,268,273,274


    Shiratori, Kurakichi[人]白鸟库吉,24


    Shiraz[地]泄剌只,设拉子,151,260,343,353,390,391,419,431,432,433,436,445,456,458,462,492,495


    Shirki[人]昔里吉,292


    Shir Muhammad[人]失儿·马黑麻,459


    Shirvan[地]失儿湾,246,398,437,441


    Shisdai[人]希斯达伊,181


    Sh?-luen[人]社仑可汗,61


    Shoping (Yuyü)[地]朔平(右玉),57,107,136


    Shtetkovo[地]斯特科夫,4


    Shuen-chih[人]顺治</a>,518


    Shuen-ti[人]汉顺帝,48


    Shu-an (John)[人]术安,314


    Shuent?[地]顺德,见Siangkuo


    Shufu[地]疏附(喀什),见Kashgar


    Shuja[人]沙舒贾,391,431


    Shului (Sechen-khan)[人]硕垒(车臣汗),512


    Shului Ubasha khongtaiji (Altynkhan)[人]硕垒乌巴什洪台吉,512,520,521,525


    Shushtar[地]苏什塔尔,432


    Sialkot[地]锡尔科特,71


    Sian[地]西安(长安),见Changan


    Siangkuo (Shuent?)[地]顺德,57,132


    Siangyang[地]襄阳,138,259,282,287,307


    Siao-t''ang-shan[地]小汤山,554注


    Siara-osso-gol[地]萨拉乌苏河,3


    Sibir (Isker)[朝]失必儿国,489,490,521


    Sidon[地]西顿,364


    Sidonius Apollinaris[人]西多尼斯·阿波林纳黑斯,75


    Sieg, E.,[人]西格,40


    Siegling, W.,[人]西格林,40


    Sienyang[地]咸阳,35


    Sie-p''o A-na-che[人]薛婆阿那支,99


    Sie Wan-pei[人]薛万备,101


    Sigebert[人]希格贝特,173,174


    Sigismund (of Hungary)[人](匈牙利的)西斯基蒙德,449


    Signakhi[地]塞格纳克城,238,393,406,407,435,436,438,460,479,480


    Sikander-shah[人]伊斯坎达尔沙,446


    Silesia[地]昔烈西亚,266,395


    Siling[地]涞源县,570注


    Silistra[地]锡利斯特拉,见Dristra


    Silk Road[地]丝绸之路,xxii-xxiii,35,37,39-41,45,48-52,95-98,306,312


    Silk trade[专]丝绸贸易,310,311-312


    Silzibul[人]室点密(叶护),见Ist?mi


    Simeon[人]西蒙,见Rabban-ata


    Simeon (of Bulgaria)[人](保加利亚大公)西蒙,178


    Sinatrukes (Sanatroikes)[人]辛剌特拉克斯(沙拉特洛伊克斯),31


    Si[地]辛加兰(广东),见Canton


    Sindufu[地]成都,见Chengtu


    Singidunum[地](贝尔格莱德)辛吉杜蒙,见Belgrade


    Singiumatu[地]新州马头(山东),见Tsining (Shantung)


    Sinhsien[地]彭城,见Pengcheng


    Sining[地]西宁,118,302,568注


    Sinjibu[人]叶护(室点密)见Ist?mi


    Sinkiang[地]新疆,126


    Sinlo[地]新乐,132


    Sipo[族]锡伯族人,538


    Sira-ordo (Golden Residence)[专]昔剌斡儿朵,269,270,271


    Sirsuti[地]锡尔苏蒂,444


    Sirmium (Mitrovica)[地]锡尔米蒙(米特罗维察),173


    Sis[地]西斯,370


    Sisian (Sitiens)[地]锡西安,608注


    Sita (Siti; Syas)[地]锡塔河,265


    Sitiens[地]锡西安,见Sisian


    Siuan-ti[人]汉宣帝,37


    Siuni[地]锡尤尼,608注


    Siun-ki, Mount[地]浚稽山,36


    Sivas[地]锡瓦斯,154,263,305,391,449,450


    Siverskaya[地]锡韦尔斯卡亚,16


    Siwalik[地]西瓦利克山,445


    Six Dynasties[专]六朝,26,76


    Skandagupta[人]塞建陀罗笈多,69,70


    Skull, use as drinking cup[专]作饮酒器用的头盖骨,21,27,28,176,483


    ve trade[专]奴隶贸易,403


    vs[族]斯拉夫人,175,177,178;参见Antes; Croats; Slovenes; Wends


    Slovenes[族]斯洛文尼亚人,173


    Smolensk[地]斯摩棱斯克,246


    Smyrna (Izmir)[地]士麦那(伊兹米尔),184,419,451,452


    Sobo Nor[地]索波湖,552注


    Soche[地]莎车(叶儿羌),见Yarkand


    Sod-nams rgya-mts''o[人]锁南坚错,513-514


    So-fei Su-tan[人]琐菲速檀,见Sufi-sultan


    S?g?tü(So-tu)[人]速客秃(唆都),287,290


    Sogdiana (K''ang-kui; Transoxiana)[地]索格底亚那(康居,河中粟特),xxii, xxv, 30,31,38,44,45,67,80,82,83,116,117,118,119,124,141;参见Transoxiana


    Sogdiannguage[文]索格底亚那语,粟特语,96,113,124


    Sogok Nor[地]索戈克湖,552注


    Sok[地]索克河,440


    So-ko[人]沙葛可汗,109


    Sokpa[地]索克巴,525


    Sng[族]肃良合人,192


    Soldaia[地]苏达克城,见Sudak


    Solhat (Solgat)[地]索勒哈特,402


    Solokha[地]索罗克哈,10,15


    Solon[族]高丽人,192,208,515,538


    Somnath[地]索姆纳特,146


    Sonqor[人]失克秃儿,361


    Sorcery[宗]看萨满教,见Shamanism


    Sorghaqtani (Soyurghaqtani)[人]唆鲁禾帖尼(莎儿合黑塔尼),212,255,272,273,275,280,358,596注


    Sorqan-shira[人]锁尔罕失剌,200,582注


    Sosnovaya Maza[地]索斯诺瓦雅·马札,6


    So-tu[人]唆都(速客秃),见S?g?tü


    South Vietnam[朝]南越,见Champa


    Soyot[族](兀良哈人)索约特人,见Uriangqai


    Soyurghaqtani[人]莎儿合黑塔尼(唆鲁禾帖尼),见Sorghaqtani


    Soyurghatmish[人]锁咬儿哈的迷失,416


    Spto[地]斯普利特,见Split


    Spice trade[专]香料贸易,310,311,312-313,315


    Split (Spto)[地]斯普利特,267


    Sri Mang[人]失里忙伽罗,见Shih-li-mang-kia-lo


    Sse[族]塞人,见Saka


    Ssu-ma[专]司马,54


    Ssu-ma Ch-ien[人]司马迁</a>,20,30,36


    Stalingrad[地]斯大林格勒(察里津),见Tsaritsyn


    Staromishastovskaya[地]斯特拉米沙斯托夫卡雅,4-5


    Stavropol[地]斯塔夫罗波尔,16


    Stein, Sir Mark Aurel[人]奥瑞尔·斯坦因,29,48-49,52,53,96,97,306


    Stephen (Vaik), St.,[人]圣·斯提芬(瓦伊克),179


    Stephen (of Serbia)[人]斯提芬,451


    Stone Bridge[地]石桥,见Pul-i Sengi


    Strabo[人]斯特拉波,8,28,30,155,157,573注


    Strigonium[地]斯特里戈里姆堡,见Gran


    Stroganov[地]斯特罗甘诺夫,489


    Süanhwa (Süan-t?)[地]宣化,24,25,108,229,507,510,511


    Subati (Dzasagtu-khan)[人]素巴第(札萨克图汗),512


    Sublime Porte[专]土耳其政府,见Ottomans


    Süb?t?i[人]速不台,207,214,216,226,240,245-246,247,258,260,264,266-267,395,582注,584注


    Suchow (Siu; Sugiu)[地]肃州,35,107,133,302,306,308,310,312,499


    Sudak (Soldaia)[地]苏达克城,247,276,398,400,406,591注


    Suddhip[人]硕德八剌,321


    Suevi[地]苏尔维,74


    Su-fa[人]苏伐(姓),见Swarna


    Su-fa Pu-shih (Suvarna Pushpa)[人]苏伐勃犅,99


    Su-fa Tie (Swarnatep; Suvarna Deva)[人]苏伐叠,99


    Sufi-sultan (So-fei Su-tan)[人]琐非速檀,499


    Sugiu[地]苏州,见Suchow


    Sugunjaq (Sunjaq)[人]孔札黑,355,361


    Sui[朝]隋朝,66,85,88,89,90


    Suiyuan (province)[地]绥远,213,301,303,318


    Suiyuan (Shanyü; town),[地]绥远,25,106;参见Kuku Hoto


    Sukhotai (Hsien)[朝]速古泰国,291,600注


    Sk[地]苏拉克,180,549注,556注


    Smish[人]苏拉米什,382


    Sulde (guardian genius)[专]保护神,217


    Suldu[族]速儿都思,194,200


    Suleiman ibn Qutulmish[人]苏里曼·伊本·库吐米施,153,154


    Sultan ''Ali of Meshed[人](麦什德的)速勒坦·阿里,465


    Sultaniyeh[地]苏丹尼耶,305,368,385,387,429,458,462


    Sultan-shah (死于1193年)[人]苏丹·沙赫,167


    Su-lu[人]苏禄,114-115,118


    Sumatra[地]苏门答腊,309


    Sumun (squadrons)[专]苏木(骑兵中队),530


    Sung[朝]宋朝,63,131-132,133,134,136-138,139,189,258,259,282-284,286-288,296,297,304,305,516,518,593注


    Sungari[地]松花江,136,515,516,517


    Sung Yün[人]宋云,65,67,69,70,71


    Sunjaq[人]孔札黑,见Sugunjaq


    Sunnites[宗]逊尼派,142-143,145,150,152,390,483,484;参见Im


    Sunzumatu[地]索家马头(新州马头)即山东济宁,见Tsining (Shantung)


    Suqnaq-tigin[人]苏格纳黑特勤,236,238


    Suri Afghans[朝]苏里阿富汗,167


    Su Ting-fang[人]苏定方,102-103


    Sutlej[地]萨特莱杰河,444


    Su-tsung[人]肃宗,120-121


    Suvarna[族]苏伐家族,见Swarna


    Suvarna Deva[人]苏伐叠,见Su-fa Tie


    Suvarna Pushpa[人]苏伐勃犅,见Su-fa Pu-shih


    Suyunitch[人]苏英尼奇,335


    Suzdal[地]苏兹达尔城,265,395,407


    Suzdalia[朝]苏兹达里亚公国,265


    Svetov (Bulgar)[人]斯维托斯拉夫,402,403


    Sviatopolk[地]斯威阿托颇尔克,175,178


    Sviatov (of Kiev)[人]斯维托斯拉夫,181


    Svishtov[地]斯维什托夫,76


    Swarna (Suvarna; Su-fa; family)[族]苏伐家族,99


    Swarnatep[人]苏伐叠,见Su-fa Tie


    Syas[地]锡塔河,见Sita


    Syr Darya (Jaxartes)[地]锡尔河,xxix,29,30,67,142,149,169,235,238,244,247,305,312,393,397,406,407,412,421,435,436,438,460,464,479,488,493,532


    Syria[地]叙利亚,40,152,154,155,261,282,300,312,349,355,359-365,370,371,373,374,375,376,382,398,419,447-448,450;参见Mamelukes (dynasty)


    Syr Tardush[族]薛延陀,92,93,565注


    Szechwan[地]四川,132,258,259,282,283,284,285,307,518,533


    Szentes[地]森特什,176


    Szakald[地]扎卡尔德,267


    Szgyi-Somlio[地]舍拉吉-索姆利欧,8,176


    Tabaqat-i-Nasiri[书]朱兹贾尼著《宗教保卫者一览表》,见Juzjani


    Tabari[人]塔巴里,83,117


    Tabaristan[地]塔巴里斯坦,142


    Tabgatch[族]拓跋,见Toba


    Tabriz (Tauris)[地]大不里士,桃里寺(元),xxvii,xxix,151,169,224,245,260,261,262,281,305,309,312,313,315,348,359,368,377,379,381,389,390,391,405,419,426,430,437,445,453,456,458


    T?b-t?ngri[人]帖卜腾格里(阔阔出),见K?kchü


    Tadzhiks[族]塔吉克人,161,237,277,327,344,381,426


    Taganrog[地]塔甘罗格,16


    Tagarskoye[地]塔格尔斯科耶,17


    Taherten[人]塔黑屯,430,449,450


    Tahir-khan[人]塔希尔汗,508


    Tahmasp[人]塔马斯普,484-485


    Ta-hsia[地]大夏(巴克特里亚),见Bactria


    Tai[地]代郡(看平城),见Pingcheng


    Taianfu[地]太原,见Taiyüan


    Taibugha[人]台不花别吉,见Taibuqa


    Taibuqa (Taibugha; Baibuqa; Tayang)[人]台不花,205,212,213,214,215,216


    Taichow[地]代州,108


    Taichu[人]泰出,204


    Taiji (as title)[专]太子(称号),582注


    Taijigot, Taiji''ut[族]泰赤乌惕部,见Tayichi''ut


    Taiping[地]太平,137,287


    Taishi (as title)[专]太子(称号),即王子,195


    T''ai-tsi (as title)[专]太子(称号),即王子,195


    T''ai-tsu (Chao K''uang-yin)[人]太祖(赵匡胤),131


    T''ai-tsung (Sung emp.)[人]太宗(宋朝),131


    T''ai-tsung (Li Shih-min; T''ang emp.)[人]唐太宗,李世民,90,92,93,94,95,98,99,100,101,102,111,134


    T''ai-wang, t''ai-yang (as title)[专]大王,太阳(称号),205


    Taiyiji (nobles)[专]台吉(贵族),530


    Taiyüan (Taianfu; Tsining; Tsinyang)[地]太原(冀宁,晋阳),27,56,59,60,107,122,126,130,131,136,229,232,307,324,325


    Takash (活跃于1084年)[人]塔卡什,153


    Takash (活跃于1172-94)[人]塔喀什,167


    Taka-shima[地]鹰岛,289


    Tamakan[地]塔克拉玛干大沙漠,xxii


    Tmba[地]德伦巴,445


    Ts (river)[地]怛逻斯河,38,67,82,83,87,120,142,145,233,234,236,244,254,273,326,327,340,342,343,386,395,422,425


    Ts (Aulie-Ata; Dzhambul; Tankip; Yangi; town)[地]怛逻斯,(奥李阿塔,养吉,江布尔),67,84,93,120,141,142,147,169,277,303,312,338,423,461,492


    Talekan[地]塔里寒,68


    Tale-Lama[地]大理国(看云南),见Di Lama


    Tali (kingdom)[地]大理城,见Yunnan


    Tali (Caragian; town)[地]大理,284,307


    Taliang[地]大梁,见Kaifeng


    Taliku[人]塔里忽,338


    Tallgren, A. M.[人]塔尔格伦,4,5,6,10-11,14,17


    Ta-lo-pien[人]大逻便,88


    Talysh[文]塔里锡文化,5,545注


    Tamagha[专]塔马合,见Tamgha


    Taman Penins[地]塔曼半岛,10,180,181,182,


    Tambov[地]坦波夫,471


    Tamene (Timurlenk)[人]帖木儿,248,300,325,328,345,346,390,391,400,406,408-453,456,479;特点,414-415,434;cruelty,428,430,431,442,444-445,450


    Tamgatch-khan[人]贝里特勤,见Buri-tigin


    Tamgha (tamagha; seal)[专]塔马合(印),220,586注


    Tamghaj[专]拓跋,见Toba


    Taming (Kichow)[地]大名,132,137,229,232,588注


    T?mir[地]塔米尔河,294,528


    Tana (Azov)[地]塔那(亚速夫海附近),15,16,312,313,404,405,441,442,475


    Tanduc[地]托克托,见Toqto


    Tang[人]唐王,518


    T''ang[朝]唐朝,xxx,66-67,88,90,98,99,101-103,106-109,111-115,117-122,124-125,126-128,302


    T''ang, Hou-[朝]后唐,见Hou-T''ang


    T''ang Hiu-ying[人]唐休璟,118


    Tang-hu[专]当户(称号),21


    T?ngri (khagan)[人]登利可汗,113


    T?ngri (Heaven), cult of[宗]腾格里(天国),20,23,84,86,106,179,217,219-220,228,244,266,270-271,354,561注,585注


    T?ngri bilg?[人]腾里野合俱录毗伽,122


    T?ngrid? bulmysh alp qutlugh ulugh bilg?[人]爱腾里逻羽録没蜜施合胡禄,122


    T?ngrid? bulmysh külüg bilg?[人]爱登里逻汨没蜜施俱録毗伽可汗,122


    T?ngrida qut bulmysh il ytmish bilg? qaghan[专]可汗名下赞誉之词,意为从天国获得的至高无上的权力,567注


    T?ngri-yin kuchundur[专]凭借长生天的力量,380


    T''ang Shu[书]《唐书》,90,93-94,101,106


    Tangut[族]唐兀惕(西夏),125,132,133,294,299,302,303,306,321,369,400;参见Hsi-Hsia


    Tanki[地]看怛逻斯城,见Ts (town)


    Tannu- (K?gm?n)[地]唐努乌拉,109,216,549注


    Tannu-Tuva[地]唐努图瓦,544注


    Tan-shih-huai[人]檀石淮,53


    Taoism[宗]道教(先生),63,111,220,244,275,276,297,298,299,300;hsien-sheng (monks),602注


    Tao-jen[宗]道人,见T''o-yin


    Ta-pu-yen[人]塔不烟,166


    Tara[地]塔拉,523


    Taranchi[族]塔兰奇人,538


    Tarbagatai[地]塔尔巴哈台,xxiii,xxvi,89,92,95,114,119,164,215,255,273,280,286,291,295,333,349,424,479,512,520,523,525,526,527,530,531,538


    Tardu (Ta-t''ou)[人]达头,84-85,88,89,173,562注


    Tardu-shad[人]达度设,93


    Targhutai Kiriltuq[人]塔儿忽台乞邻勒,200,206,580注,582注


    Ta''rikh-i Jahan-gusha[书]志费尼《世界征服者史》,见Juvaini


    Ta''rikh-i Rashidi[书]《拉失德史》,见Muhammad Haidar II


    Tarim[地]塔里木,xxii,xxiii,28,37-54,59,92,93,95-101,103,107,114-115,118,119,303,306,542;参见各绿洲条


    Tarkhan (tarkhat; as title)[专]答儿罕,达干(称号),222,582注,586注-597注


    Tarmashirin[人]塔儿麻失里,见'' ad-Din (Tar-mashirin)


    Tarn, W. W.[人]塔恩,30,31


    Tarqu[地](其他史料中的)萨曼塔尔,577注


    Tarsa(Christian designation)[专]迭屑(基督教徒),300


    Tarsus[地]塔尔苏斯,370


    Tartar[族]塔塔儿人,见Tatar


    Tar-Ussar[地]塔尔乌沙,见Sar-Otar


    Tash Arighi[人]塔什·阿里希,411


    Tashkent (Shash)[地]塔什干(柘析),29,89,96,103,116,117,119,142,235,238,244,312,338,345,411,413,415,418,419,423,425,438,439,457,463,480,481,482,484,485,488,489,492,494,495,496,508,531,532,533,540


    Tash Kurghan[地]塔什库尔干,41,306


    Tashtyk[专]塔锡蒂克文化,19


    Tatar[族]塔塔儿(三十姓鞑靼,九姓鞑靼),139,191-192,193,198-199,203-204,206,207-208,213,227;称作蒙古人是不对的,472,585注;参见Otuz Tatar; Toquz Tatar


    T''a-t''a-t''ung-a[人]塔塔统阿,190,216,220,232,250,584注


    Tating[地]大宁,136,138,227


    Ta-t''ou[人]达头,见Tardu


    Ta-ts''in[地]大秦(罗马帝国,见Roman Empire)


    Tatta, Lake[地]塔塔湖盆地,157


    Tatu[地]大都(北京),见Peking


    Tatung (Yünchow)[地]大同,xxiv,20,27,57,58,60,63,126,129,131,133,136,138,227,229,324,507,510,511


    Taugast[族]桃花石(拓跋),见Toba


    Tauris[地]桃里士(大不里士),见Tabriz


    Tawaji[人]达瓦齐,见Dawaji


    Tawakkul[人]泰外库勒汗,508,531


    Taxation[专]税收(制度),251,253,256-257,275,300,351,352,586注,602注


    Tayang (as title)[专]大王,太阳,蒙古语塔阳,190,205


    Tayang (person)[人]塔阳(台不花),见Taibuqa


    Tayanku (Tayanku-Taraz)[人]塔延古·塔拉兹,168-169,234


    Tayichi''ut (Taijigot; Taiji''ut)[族]泰赤乌惕部,194,195,200,206,207


    Tay Kiet[地]特基特湾,290


    Ta-yüan[地]大宛(费尔干纳),见Fergana


    Ta Yüeh-chih[族]大月氏,29


    Tbilisi[地]第比利斯(梯弗里斯),见Tiflis


    Tbilisskaya[地]第比利斯卡亚,73


    Tebes[地]特伯斯,485


    Tegin (tekin; as title)[专]特勤(称号),71,87


    Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre[人]查尔丁,3


    Tekes[地]特克斯河,93,491


    Tekin[专]特勤,见Tegin


    Tekke[地]泰凯,452


    Tekrit[地]提克里特,见Tikrit


    Tekuder (Ahmed)[人]帖古迭儿,367,371-372


    Teletz[人]泰勒兹汗,177


    Temeyen-ke''er[地]特木因—基也尔,213


    Temir[地]铁米尔,336


    Temr of Tyre, Gestes des Chiprois[专]提尔的圣殿骑士《奇普洛瓦故事集》,361,363


    Temuge (Temuge Ochigin)[人]铁木哥(铁木哥·斡赤斤),199,213,218,230,255,269,271


    Temujin[人]铁木真(成吉思汗),见Jenghiz Khan


    Temür (Temür Oljaitu)[人]铁穆耳(铁穆耳完泽笃),xxx,290,291,294,295,299,302,313-314,320,321,335,336,338,380,384,403


    Temür-buqa[人]帖木儿不花,325


    Temutai[人]铁木台,259


    Tengkow[地]定州,108


    Teng-li Meu-yu[人]登里牟羽,121


    Tengri hills[地]腾格里山,340


    Tengri Nor (Nam Tso)[地]腾格里湖(纳木错),524,533


    Teplukhov[人]特普鲁科夫,19


    Terek[地]捷列克河,5,72,74,180,366,387,392,398,441,472,503


    Tereshcenko[人]特里斯圣科,442


    Termez[地]帖尔木兹,159,342,414


    Terter, George[人]乔治·特尔特,402


    Tervel[人]泰弗尔,177


    Tes[地]特斯,18


    Tesh (Ti-sh?)[人]蒂赊,567注


    Teu Hien[人]窦宪,46


    Teu Ku[人]窦固,42


    Teutonic Knights[专]条顿骑士团,266


    Thagouri[族]塔沟里人,28


    Thagouron[地]塔沟拉城,28


    Thai[族]傣族(罗罗人),291;参见Lo-Lo


    Thaleqan[地]塔里寒城,241


    Thana[地]塔纳,312,315


    Thanesar (Thaneswar)[地]塔内瑟尔,72,146,599注


    Thanhoa[地]清化,290


    Theodora (wife of Justinian II)[人](查士丁尼二世之妻)塞俄多拉皇后,179


    Theodore (khangan)[人]塞俄多尔,175


    Theodoric (Visigoth)[人]狄奥多里克,58,76


    Theognostes[人]塞俄罗斯特斯,401


    Theophilus, (Byzantine emperor)[人](拜占庭皇帝)狄奥菲勒斯,180


    Theophctus Simocattes[人]塞俄菲拉克特斯·西摩卡塔,84,171,172,560注,561注,575注


    Thessalonica[地]塞萨洛尼基,185


    Thi?n-tak[地]天德(托克托),见Toqto


    Thinae[地](托勒密记)洛阳,41


    thirty Tatar[族]三十姓鞑靼,见Otuz Tatar


    Thogara[地](希腊史家记的张掖)塔沟拉城,28,41


    Thogay[人]托盖,304


    Thomas (of Florence)[人]佛罗伦萨的托马斯,314


    Thomsen, V. L. P.[人]汤姆森,86


    Thoroana[地]塞洛亚那,41


    Thozan[地]东胜(托克托),见Toqto


    Thrace[地]色雷斯,6,8,9,76,157,174,182,184,399,449


    Thraco-Phrygians[族]色雷斯—弗里吉亚种人,4,10


    Three Kingdoms[朝]三国,54,55


    Three Quriqan[族]三个骨利干部(联盟),578注


    Thunderbolt Goddess[专](一种游戏)劈雷女神,134


    Thuringia[地]图林,173


    Tiberius II[人]提比留斯二世,84


    Tibet (T''u-fan)[族]吐蕃[地]西藏,103,107,114,115,118,119,126,189,284,319,367,522-524,532-533,536;参见K''iang; Lamaism; Tangut


    Tibetan script[文]藏文,298


    T''ie-mai-kai[地]帖麦该川,213


    T''ien[文]汉语“天”,指天神之意,219


    T''ien-ho (Denha; name)[人]腆合,301


    T''ien Shan[地]天山,xxi,xxiii,28,40,84,96,423,424,495,497,501


    T''ien-t?[地]天德(托克托),见Toqto


    Tiflis (Tbilisi)[地]梯弗里斯,179,245,246,260,263,348,399,434


    Tigris[地]底格里斯河,355,357,433


    Tigris[地]伏尔加河(马可记伏尔加河),见Volga


    Tikrit (Tekrit)[地]提克里特,433


    Ti-ku-nai[人]迭古乃,138,139


    Timur[人]帖木儿(帖木兰),见Tamene


    Timur (活跃于1415年)[人]帖木儿,470


    Timurid art[专]帖木儿朝艺术,457,465


    Timurids[朝]帖木儿王朝,xxviii,158,243,342,416,418,456-465,479,480,481,483,484,485,492


    Timurlenk[人]跛子帖木儿,见Tamene


    Timur-malik[人]帖木儿灭里,238,406-407,435


    Timur Qutlugh[人]帖木儿·忽特鲁格,440,442,443,469,622注,624注


    Timur-shah[人]帖木儿·沙,487


    Timurtash[人]帖木儿塔什,387,389,447,614注


    Tingchow[地]定州(中山),见Chungshan


    Tingiu[地]德化,见T?-hua


    Ti-ping[人]宋帝昺,288


    Tirnovo[地]特尔诺沃,403


    Ti-sh?[人]蒂赊,见Tesh


    Tisza[地]蒂萨河,72,174,266


    Titus[宗]提多,49


    Toba (Tabgatch; Tamghaj; Taugast)[族]拓跋人,xxviii,xxix,57,58,60-66,81,283,288,300,558注,560注,561注;参见Wei


    Toba Hung[人]拓跋弘,64-65


    Toba Hung II[人]拓跋宏,65


    Toba K''iao[人]拓跋恪,65


    Toba Kuei[人]拓跋珪,60


    Toba Siun[人]拓跋濬,64


    Toba Ssu[人]拓跋嗣,61


    Toba Tao[人]拓跋焘,61,62-64


    Tobol[地]托博尔,439,478,489,521


    Tobolsk[地]托博尔斯克,479,489,490


    T?chow[地]德州,132


    T?d?y?n-Girte[人]托多颜·昔惕,200


    Togachar[人]脱格察儿,599注


    Togachi[人]秃合赤,340


    Toghan Temür (1333-70)[人]妥懽帖睦尔,319,321,323,324,325,502


    Toghon (Toghan; 活跃于1285年)[人]脱欢(忽必烈之子),290


    Toghon (Toghon Temür; Toghan; 活跃于1434年)[人]脱欢(马合木之子),491,505-506,629注


    Toghrul-beg[人]吐格利尔拜格,见Togrul-beg


    Togh Temür[人]图帖睦尔,321


    Toghul Timur[人]吐格帖木儿,390


    Togortak[地]托加尔塔克,184


    Togrul (Wang-khan)[人]脱斡邻勒(王罕),192,199,200-201,203-212,216,578注


    Togrul III[人]吐格利尔,158-159,167


    Togrul-beg (Toghrul-beg)[人]吐格利尔拜格,147,149-150,151-152,158,159


    T?-hua (Tingiu)[地]德化,604注-605注


    Tokat[地]托卡特,263,449


    Tokhari[族]吐火罗人,27-28,31;参见Tukhara


    Tokhariannguages[文]吐火罗语,见Kucheannguage


    Tokharistan[地]吐火罗斯坦,116,117,118,119,143,参见Bactria


    Tokharoi[人](希腊人的)吐火罗人,28,30,31


    Tokhta-qiya[人]脱黑脱乞牙,406,435


    Tokien[地]乾城,46


    Tokmak[地]托克玛克93,94,96,114,115,423,491


    T?-kuang[人]德光,129,130


    T?l?ch (T?l?s)[族]铁勒,60,81,89,92,93,100,565注;参见Kao-kiu; Uigurs


    Tolbiacum[地]托尔比阿克,63


    T?l?s[族]铁勒族,见T?l?ch


    Tolui[人]拖雷,212,229,239-243,255,258,593注


    Tolui, house of[人]拖雷家族,272,273,274,292,295,329,380,394


    Tolun Nor[地]多伦诺尔(上都府),见Shangtuho


    Tomsk[人]托木斯克,490


    Tonkin[地]东京平原,289,290


    Tonyuquq (To?uqouq)[人]暾欲谷,106,110,111,112


    T''o-po[人]他钵,88,562注


    Toqtai (Toqta; Toqtoa)[人]脱脱</a>,384,402,403,404


    Toqtamish[人]脱脱迷失,393,406-408,430,435-443,469,479,615注


    Toqtemür[人]脱脱木儿,292


    Toqto (Koshang; Tanduc; Thi?n-tak; Thozan; T''ien-t?; Toshang; Tung-sheng)[地]托克托(科尚,东胜,天德),213,301,303,306,307,318,570注;参见Kweihwacheng


    Toqtoa[人]脱脱,见Toqtai


    Toqto''a (Toqto''a-b?ki)[人]脱脱别乞,201,205,208,213,215,582注


    Toqtoa-buqa[人]脱脱不花,507


    Toquz Oghuz (Nine Oghuz)[族]九姓乌古思,106,110,126,145,565注,566注


    Toquchar[人]脱合察,241,584注


    Toquz Tatar (Nine Tatar)[族]九姓鞑靼,110,192


    Toquz Temür[人]脱古思帖木儿,502-503


    T?r?g?n?[人]脱列哥那,268-269,271,330,352,595注,615注


    Toramana[人]多拉马那,71


    Torbitashi[人]托比塔石,583注


    Torghaq (guard)[专]卫队,哨兵,520


    Torghut (T?rghüt)[族]土尔扈特人,488,503,510,520-522,523,525,538-539,540;参见Oirat


    Torii[人]托利,53


    Torks[族]托克人(乌古思),见Oghuz


    Toru Haneda[人]托鲁·汉勒达,30


    Toshang[地]东胜(托克托),见Toqto


    T?tsing (Tsingfeng)[地]德清</a>军(清丰县),132


    Tovinsk[族]图瓦族,538


    T''o-yin (tao-jen; tuinan; Buddhist monks)[宗]道人,597注,602注


    Trade[专]贸易(指丝绸贸易),309-313,403;参见Silk Road


    Trajan[人]图拉真,45,72


    Tran Nhon-ton[人]陈仁宗,290


    Transbaikalia[地]外贝加尔地区,13,25,37,208


    Transcaucasia[地]外高加索地区,179,376,437


    Transoxiana[地]河中地区,141-147,149,152-153,159,160,165,168,169,172,189,233,236,238,239,242,255,269,292,293,305,326,333,334,335,336,338,340,342,343,344,345,352,369,370,376,387,390,406,408-419,421,422,423,425,426,428,432,435,438,440,453,456,457,460,463,464,465,479,481-488,492-496,500,508;参见Sogdiana


    Transylvania[地]特兰西瓦利亚,173,178


    Tran Thaitong[人]陈日煚,284


    Travancore[地]特拉万可,309,311


    Treaty of Belgrade[专]贝尔格莱德条约,475


    Treaty of Karlowitz[专]卡尔洛维茨条约,475


    Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji[专]库楚克-凯纳尔吉条约,475,477


    Treaty of the Prut[专]普鲁特条约,475


    Trebizond (city)[地]特拉布松,309,312,313,314,374,453


    Trebizond (empire) [王朝]特拉布松国,312,449,591注


    Trifonova[地]特里波利耶,18


    Tripitaka[书]《三藏》,49


    Tripoli (county)[地]特里波利郡,360


    Tripolye[地]特里波利耶,4


    Troitsk[地]特洛伊茨克,558注


    Troitskosavsk[地]特洛伊茨科沙夫斯克,25,37


    Troyes[地]特鲁瓦,76


    Tsaghan-gol[地]柴汗沟,549注


    Tsagun Dorji (Tushetu-khan)[人]察珲多尔济(土谢图汗),528,529


    Ts''aichow (Juning)[地]蔡州,258


    Tsaidam[地]柴达木,212,523,524,525,526,533


    Tsang (gTsang)[地]乌斯藏,298,523,524


    Tsanglu (Cianglu)[地]长芦,308


    Ts''ao Pei[人]曹丕</a>,54


    Ts''ao Pin[人]曹彬,131


    Ts''ao Ts''ao[人]曹操</a>,54


    Tsarev[地]察列甫,400,442


    Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad; Volgograd)[地]察里津(斯大林格勒),247,522


    Tsereng Dondub[人]大策凌敦多卜,524,531,532,533,536,540


    Tsewang Dorji Namgyal[人]策妄·多尔济·那木札尔,537


    Tsewang Rabdan[人]策妄阿拉布坦,531,532,533,536,540,541


    Tsewang Shab[人]策妄扎布,529


    Ts''ien-Chao (Pei-Han)[朝]前赵(北汉),56


    Ts''ien-Ch''in[朝]前秦,58


    Ts''ien-Yen[朝]前燕,58,59


    Tsifeng[地]赤峰,136


    Tsinan[地]济南,137,229,232


    Tsingchow (Yitu)[地]青州(益都),557注,571注


    Tsingfeng[地]清丰(德清军),见T?tsing


    Tsingshui[地]清水河,248


    Tsining (Shansi)[地]冀宁(山西)(太原),见Taiyüan


    Tsining (Singiumatu; Sunzumatu; in Shantung)[地]济宁(山东),308,316


    Tsinyang[地](晋阳)看太原,见Taiyüan


    Tsiyang (Ciangli)[地]滋阳,308


    Tsi-Yung[人]祭彤,39


    Tsong-kha-pa[人]宗喀巴</a>,513,514


    Tsoros[族]看绰罗斯部,见Choros


    Tsotba Ba''atur[人]卓特巴巴图尔,526,527


    Tsun (Diets or leagues)[专]扎格兰,530


    Tsu-k''iu[人]沮渠(北凉),见Pei-Liang


    Tsushima[地]对马岛,289


    Tuan Hing-chih[人]段兴智,284


    Tuan Kung[人]段颎,48


    T''u-chüeh (Blue Turks; K?k Türk)[族]突厥人,xxii,xxiii,xxiv,8,23,79-90各处,92-95,99,100,103,106-114,116-117,120,126,127-128,171,172,173-174,176,196,216,217,224,231,256,326,417,546注,585注;参见Nu-shih-pi; Tu-lu (tribes)


    T''u-ch''i[专]屠耆王,20


    Tuda Mangu[人]脱脱蒙哥,401-402


    Tudun (as title)[专]吐屯,87,175


    T''u-fan[族]吐蕃(看藏族),见Tibet


    Tughan[人]托甘汗,133,146


    Tugha Timur[人]秃花·帖木儿,428


    Tughlugh (活跃于1274年)[人]秃忽鲁哥,308


    Tughlugh (活跃于1305年)[人]吐格鲁格,339,340


    Tughlugh Timur[人]秃忽鲁帖木儿,344-345,346,409-410,411,422


    Tughri[地]四塔沟里,见“Four Tughri”


    Tugshada[人]吐格沙达,116,117


    Tuinan[宗]参看道人,见T''o-yin


    Tukhara[族]吐火罗人,28,40,68,69;参见Tokhari


    Tu-k''i-che[人]突骑支,99


    T[地]土拉河(土兀剌河),35,106,110,191,200,212,247,255,502,504,512,529,530,536


    T-buqa[人]秃剌不花,401,402


    Tun[人]都兰,88,89


    T''u-li[人]突利,88,89,92


    Tulik[人]吐利克,344


    Tultu[地]吐尔吐,551注


    Tu-lu (person)[人]咄陆,95


    Tu-lu (tribes)[族]咄陆部,95,102,103,109,114


    Tulugma (heading-off movement)[专]拦截运动,224


    Tulun-cherbi[人]咄伦·切必,589注


    T''u-man[人]头曼,27


    Tümed[族]土默特部,509,510,513,514,517,519,529,530,629注


    T''u-men[人]土门(看布明),见Bumin


    Tumen (army division)[专]土绵(万夫长),222,587注


    Tumengken[人]图蒙肯,512


    Tümen Sasaktu[人]图们札萨克图汗,510,514


    T''u-mu[地]土木,507


    T''ung-chien-k''ang-mu[书]《通鉴纲目》,132


    Tungchow[地]通州,325


    Tungge (Tungeli)[地]董哥泽,583注


    Tung hua lu[书]《东华录</a>》,536


    Tung-ko, Lake[地]董哥泽,210


    Tungkwan[地]潼关,232,257,258


    Tung-nu[族]东胡,27


    Tungsheng[地]东胜(看托克托),见Toqto


    T''ung Shih-hu[人]统叶护,93,94-95


    Tungus[族]通古斯人,xxiv,xxv,53,78,128,189,514,515-516,519;参见Jurchid; Kin


    Tungusnguages[文]通古斯语,xxv,127,193


    Tunguska[地]通古斯卡,515


    Tungwan[地]统万城,61


    Tung-Wei[朝]东魏,65,66,82


    Tunhwang (Saciu; Shachow)[地]敦煌(沙洲),xxii,35,36,41,52,96,133,302,305,306,312,499,536


    Tupshi[地]吐帕施,36


    Tuq (army division)[专](十万人的组织称为纛,587注


    Tuq (standard)[专]纛(旗子),210,216,217,293


    Tuqa Timur[人]秃花帖木儿,334


    Tuqiti-khatun[人]秃乞台可敦,358


    Toqulqu-cherbi[人]秃忽鲁忽切儿比,593注


    Tuqugan[人]秃罕,见Tutuqan


    Tura[地]图拉河,479,489


    Turan[地]图兰,252


    Turan-shah[人]图兰沙,362


    Turbat-i-Jam[地]土尔巴特·杰姆,484


    Turbet[族]杜尔伯特,见D?rb?t


    Turfan (Carachoedil;o; Kaochang; Karakhoja; Khocho; Kiu-shih)[地]吐鲁番(高昌,哈拉火州,车师),xxii,xxiii,28,35,37,38,40,42,44,46,47,48,59,62,64,89,93,94,95,98,100,122,124,125,144,164,189,197,233,252,305,312,326,329,424,425,453,491,492,493,494,496,497,498,499,506,528,536,603注,艺术,52,96,98,122,124


    Turfanesenguage[专]吐鲁番语,96


    Türg?ch[族]突骑施,见Türgish


    Turgai (region)[地]图尔盖,254,392,394,403,460,478,479,522


    Turgai (river)[地]图尔盖河,8,19,148,393,394,439,485,508


    Turghai[人]图盖,339


    Turghaq (turgha''ut; army guards)[专]土儿合兀惕(值日班者),222


    Türgish (Türg?ch)[族]突骑施,107,109,114-115,118


    Turkan-khatun[人]秃儿罕可敦,237


    Turkestan (Yasy; town)[地]突厥斯坦城(雅西城),238,438,439,479,480,481,488,492,493,496,507,526,531,532


    Turkguage[文]突厥语,xxv,327,465,544注,579注-580注


    Turkic script[文]突厥文,113,124


    Turkman[族]土库曼人,见Turkoman


    Turkmenistan[地]土库曼斯坦,164


    Turkoman (Turkman)[族]土库曼人,148,149,153,155,157,158,160,161,164,185,382,385,391,418,430,431,521,522,572注


    Tus (Mashhad; Meshed)[地]图斯(麦什德),167,240,241,351,352,368,376,387,425,483,484,485


    Tusculum[地]图斯卡鲁姆,375


    Tushetu-khan (person)[人]土谢图汗(察珲多尔济),见Tsagun Dorji


    Tushetu-khan (Bodgo-khan; khanate)[人]土谢图汗,53,512,528


    Tu-tsung[人]宋度宗,286


    Tutuq (as title)[专](突厥语)都督,582注


    Tutuqan(Tuquqan)[人]秃罕,401


    Tutush[人]突吐施,154,155


    T''u-yu[人]突欲,129


    T''u-yü-huen[族]吐谷浑,64-65,89


    Tver[地]特维尔城,265,395,404


    Tyawka[人]头克汗,531,532,625注


    Tyre[地]提尔,360,361


    Tyumen[地]秋明,406,443,489,490,614注


    Tyutshta[地]秋兹塔,66,558注


    Tzelgu[人]翟尔古,184


    Tzu-ch''uan[地]酒泉,35,41


    Uar (Var)[族]瓦尔部,171,172


    Uarkhonites (Ouarkhonitai; Uarkhuni; Varchonitae)[族]瓦尔和昆尼,82,171,173


    ''Ubaidah[人]奥贝都剌汗,485


    Ubasha[人]渥巴锡汗,522,538-539


    Ubsa Nor[地]乌布萨泊,190,510,512,525


    Uch Ferman[地]乌什吐鲁番,见Uch Turfan


    Uchirtu-sechen[人]鄂齐尔图(车臣汗),523,525,526,527


    Uchiyeds[族]乌济叶特人,629注


    Uch Turfan (Uch Ferman; Wensu)[地]乌什·吐鲁番,40,425,541


    Uchur[族]乌楚尔人,515


    Udine[地]乌迪内,319


    Udiyana[地]乌阇衍那,65


    Ufa[地]乌发,548注


    Ug?[人]乌介,见Wu-kiai


    Ugechi (活跃于1267年)[人]忽哥赤,308


    Ugechi (?k?chi;活跃于1399年),[人]鬼力赤,503,628注


    Ugra[地]乌格拉河,470


    Uigur[族]回纥,回鹘,畏兀儿,xxiv,60,81,89,100,102,110,113-114,120-122,124,125-126,128,133,144,149,164,171,180,189,190,196,197,212,216,217,220,231,233,234,250,251,252,277,319,327,417,424,425,565注-566注;参见Sari-Uigur; T?l?ch


    Uiguria[地]回鹘地区(畏兀儿地区),244,326,329,330,335,367,417,482,493,496;参见Beshbaligh; Kucha; Turfan


    Uiguristan (Ioguristan)[地]畏兀儿斯坦,305,424,461,463,491,493,495-499


    Uigurnguage[文]回鹘语,畏兀儿语,220,243


    Uigur script[专]回鹘文,畏兀儿文,113,124,125-126,220,252,277,298-299,351,601注Uiguro-Mongol,516,521


    Ukenj[人]斡根赤,330,606注


    Ukraine[地]乌克兰,265,266


    la[地]乌拉拉,525


    n Bator[地]乌兰巴托,见Urga


    n-put''ung[地]乌兰布通,529


    qchi[人]兀剌黑赤,397


    Uliassutai[地]乌里雅苏台,20,479,512,537


    Ulja[地]斡里札,203


    üll?[地]于勒,176


    Ulski[地]乌尔斯基,15


    Ulu-jüz[族]大帐,见Great Horde


    Ulu Muhammad[人]乌鲁·穆罕默德,472


    Ulus (tribe; small nation)[专]兀鲁思(部落,小民族),193,253,579注


    Ulus-begi (as title)[专]兀鲁思别吉,344,422


    Ulus-irgen (organized nation or state)[专]兀鲁思-亦尔坚(国家),197,579注


    Ulu-Tau (Ulugh tagh)[地]兀鲁塔山,215,393,406,435,439,478,479,485


    Ulyungur Nor[地](克孜尔巴什湖)乌伦古尔湖,见Qyzyl-bash


    Umai[宗]乌迈,86


    ''Umar-mirza[人]乌马儿·米尔咱,456,458


    ''Umar-shaikh (死于1391年)[人]乌马儿·沙黑(帖木儿之子),425,433,438,456


    ''Umar-shaikh (1469-94)[人]乌马儿·沙黑,463,494


    Umehara, Sueju[人]梅原末治,24


    Ummayads[朝]倭马亚王朝,116-117


    Unaghan boghul[专]乌拉干,孛斡勒(奴隶、属臣),见Boghul


    Unggur[人]乌格尔,588注


    Ungvar (Uzhgorod)[地]乌日哥罗德,266


    Uquna[人]兀忽纳,238


    Ur[地]乌尔,8


    Ural (Yaik; river)[地]乌拉尔河(扎牙黑河),6,181,182,186,277,392,394,407,439,471,472,478,479,480,486,522,525,531


    Urals (mountains)[地]乌拉尔山,xxv,8,78,177,247,264,393-394,478,489


    Uralsk[地]乌拉尔斯克,254,392


    Ura Tyube[地]乌拉秋别,36,464


    Urban V, Pope[人]教皇乌尔班五世,319


    Urga (n Bator)[地]库伦(乌兰巴托),xxi,512,514,529,530


    Urgench (Gurganj)[地]乌尔根奇,玉龙杰赤,160,237,239,241,243,254,335,394,421,479,485,521,589注


    Uriangkhai (ce)[地]乌梁海地区,549注


    Uriangkhans[族]兀良哈人,509,629注


    Uriangqai (Soyot; people)[族]兀良哈人(索约特人),538,579注,582注


    Uriangqatai (Uriankqadai)[人]兀良哈台,28,284,598注


    Urianqut[族]兀良忽人,582注


    Urmia, Lake[地]乌尔米亚湖,359


    Urtupa[地]乌尔吐帕,440


    Uruk-khatun[人]兀鲁克可敦,373,383


    Urumchi (Urumtsi)[地]乌鲁木齐,95,536,537,538


    Urungu[地]乌伦古河,61,81,89,119,205,255,272,312,479,510,523,525,538


    Urus[人]兀鲁思,406,435


    Uru''ud[族]乌鲁尔德部,194,210,583注


    Ushin Banner[族]乌审旗,513


    Uspenskoye[地]乌斯平斯科伊,见Bolgar (town)


    Usrushna[地]乌拉秋别,见Ura Tyube


    Ussuri[地]乌苏里江,128,133,134,515


    Ust-Kamenogorsk[地]乌斯季卡缅诺哥尔斯克堡,532


    Ust-Labinskaya[地]乌斯拉宾斯卡亚,16


    Ust-Urt[地]乌兹特-乌尔特,164


    Usun[人]兀孙,218


    ''Uthman (of Tekke)[人]乌斯曼,452


    ''Uthman I (Osman)[人]奥斯曼一世,385,389


    Uthman ibn Ibrahim[人]乌斯曼·伊本·易不拉欣,168,169,237


    Uturgurs (Utrigurs)[族]乌特格尔人,79,80,172,173


    Uweis[人]乌畏思,390,391


    Uzbeks (?zbegs)[族]乌兹别克人,460,464,465,479-486,488,500,531;参见Shaybanids


    Uzes[族]乌泽人,见Oghuz


    Uzgen[地]乌兹根(讹迹邗),144,234,423,460,479


    Uzhgorod[地]乌日哥罗德,见Ungvar


    Uzindur[地]乌金杜尔,78


    Uzun Hasan[人]乌宗·哈桑,459,462,470


    Vaik[人]瓦伊克(圣斯提芬),见Stephen


    Vais (Vais-khan)[人]歪思汗,491,492,506


    Vakhsh[地]瓦赫什河,346,411


    Valens[人]瓦伦丁,48


    Valentinian III[人]瓦伦丁三世,76


    Valentinos[人]瓦伦丁,84,85,88,172,173,


    Van (town)[地]凡城,431,433


    Van, Lake[地]凡湖,261


    Var[族]瓦尔部,见Uar


    Varchonitae[族]瓦尔昆尼人,见Uarkhonites


    Vartan[人]瓦尔坦,356-357,358,360,361


    Vartopu[文]瓦尔特浦文化,6


    Varus[人]瓦努斯,36


    Vasellus, James[人]瓦舍鲁斯·詹姆斯,371


    Vasellus, John[人]瓦舍鲁斯·约翰,371


    Vasili Ivanovich[人]瓦西里·伊凡洛维奇(巴西尔三世),见Basil III


    Vasudeva[人]韦苏特婆,32


    Vians[族]威尼斯人,533;在克里米亚,247,312,403,404,405,442


    Venice[地]威尼斯,309,314


    Verkhneudinsk[地]上乌金斯克,13,558注


    Verny[地]韦尔内,见Alma-Ata


    Viatka[地]维亚特卡,473


    Vidjaya[人]尉迟,见Vijaya


    Vienna[地]维也纳,419


    Vietnam[朝]越南(安南国占婆),见Annam; Champa


    Viguri[族]昆奴格尔人,见Hunnugur


    Vijaya (Vidjaya; Chaban)[地]佛誓,290,309


    Vima Kadphises (Kadphises II)[人]维马·卡德菲斯二世,32


    Vimksha[人]卑摩罗义,50


    Visigoths[族]西哥特人,60,73-74,75,76


    Vist[地]维斯杜拉河,73,266


    Vitautas[人]维托夫特,见Witowt


    Vithimir[人]威塞米尔,73


    Vitim[地]维季姆,515


    Vitovt[人]维托夫特,见Witowt


    dimir (ce)[地]弗拉基米尔,247,265,395,407,436


    dimirtsov, B. Y.[人]弗拉基米尔佐夫,193,194-195,201,202,204,207,215,217,222,247


    divostok[地]海参崴(符拉迪沃斯托克),128


    Vocan[地]瓦罕,见Wakhan


    vogul[族]窝古尔人,177,489


    Vogulnguage[文]窝古尔语,576注


    Volga (Itil)[地]伏尔加河(伊提尔河),10,14,72,73,173,180,181,182,186,247,264,268,270,271,276,281,282,304,312,392,393,396,397,400,402,403,419,436,440,442,472,486,521,525,540


    Volgograd[地]伏尔加格勒,见Tsaritsyn


    V?lkerwanderung[专]民族大迁徙,16,54


    Voronezh[地]沃罗涅什,7,10


    Vors[地]沃尔斯克拉,443,469


    Votiak[族]沃加克族人,489


    Vozdvizhenskoye[地]沃兹德维任斯科耶,73


    Vozha[地]沃查,405


    Vugiu[地]婺州(浙江),见Wuchow (Chekiang)


    Wahlstatt[地]瓦尔斯塔特,266


    Wajih ad-Din Mas''ud[人]瓦吉黑哀丁·马苏德,390


    Wakhan (Humi; Vocan)[地]瓦罕,41,118,306


    Wali[人]瓦力,428,429


    Wa-li-pu[人]斡离不,136


    Wachia[地]瓦拉几亚,6,75,174,175,176,184,268


    Wang (as title)[专]“王”(称号),204


    Wang (tribe)[族]王部,见D?rben Qoriya


    Wang An-shih[人]王安石</a>,296


    Wang Chan[人]王振,507


    Wang Chung-tsu[人]王忠嗣,118


    Wang-khan (as title)[人]王罕(称号),192


    Wang-khan (person),[人]王罕(脱斡邻勒),见Togrul


    Wangtu[地]望都,128


    Wan Li[人](明)万历皇帝,516


    Wan Tu-kuei[人]万度归,62


    Wan-yen[族]完颜部,134,136,516,571注;参见Kin


    Wan-yen Ch''eng-huei[人]完颜承晖,230


    Wan-yen Wu-shih (Goshi)[人]完颜希尹,139


    Warfare[专]战术,见Battle tactics


    "Warring States"("Fighting States")[朝]战国时代,20,24-25,26


    Wassaf[人]瓦撒夫,333,338,384


    Water, reverence for[专]崇拜河水,84,219,220


    Waterways[专]水路,309,310


    Waziristan[地]瓦济里斯坦,169


    Wei (dynasty)[朝]北魏,60;参见Toba


    Wei (river)[地]渭河,92,138,232,257,258,283


    Wei (state)[朝]魏国,54,55


    Wei, Hsi-[朝]西魏,见Hsi-Wei


    Wei, Tung-[朝]东魏,见Tung-Wei


    Wei-ch''?[人]尉迟,101,115


    Wei-ch? Cheng[人]尉迟胜,567注


    Wei-ch''? Fu-sh?[人]尉迟伏师,115


    Weichow (Yüchow)[地]蔚州(幽州),106-107,108


    Wei Ts''ing[人]卫青,34,35


    Wenchow[地]温州,137


    Wends[族]文德人,173


    Wensu[地]温宿(乌什·吐鲁番),见Uch Turfan


    Wen-tjong[人]王倎,288


    White Horde (Chaghan-ordo; Aqordu)[族]白帐(查罕·斡耳朵,阿黑·斡耳朵),335,393,403,406-407,421,435,436,438,439,469,478-479,615注;参见Kipchak khanate; Orda


    White Huns[族]白匈奴(莚哒),见Ephthalites


    White Sheep[朝]白羊王朝,见Aq-Qoyunlu


    Wieger, Léon[人]威格尔,21


    William (of Nassio)[人](纳昔奥的)威廉,304


    William (of Rubruck)[人](卢布鲁克村的)威廉,见Rubruck, William of


    Witowt (Vitovt; Vitautas)[人]维托夫特,443,469


    Wolf (b?ri)[专]狼(附离),xxvii,81,87,544注,560注


    Wuchang (Wuchow; Hupeh)[宗](图腾)狼,[地]武昌(湖北),武州,284,285,287,323


    Wu-che-lo[人]乌质勒,107,109


    Wuchow (Hupeh)[地]武州(湖北省)(看武昌),见Wuchang


    Wuchow (near Shoping)[地]武州(朔平附近),136


    Wuchow (Vngiu; Chekiang)[地]婺州(浙江),308


    Wu-chu[人]兀术,137


    Wu Hou (Wu Ts?-t''ien)[人]武后(武则天</a>),107,108,127


    Wuhu[地]芜湖,287


    Wu-huan[族]乌桓,39,54


    Wu-kiai (Ug?q)[人]乌介可汗,569注


    Wu-k''i-mai[人]吴乞买,136,571注


    Wu-lei[地]乌垒,37


    Wu-liang-ha[地]乌梁海(热河),见Jehol


    Wu-ling[人]赵武灵王,20,550注


    Wu-lo[人]乌禄,139


    Wu San-kuei[人]吴三贵,517,518


    Wu-sun[族]乌孙,29,30,34,37,38,40,45,53,552注


    Wutai[地]五台山,133


    Wu-ti[人]武帝,34,35,36,101


    Wu Ts?-t''ien[人]武则天,见Wu Hou


    Wu-tu-pu[人]吾睹补,230


    Wuwei[地]武威,35,54


    Xiengmai[地]清迈,见Chiangmai


    Yabghu (as title)[专]叶护,82,87,560注-561注;参见She-hu


    Yachy[地]押赤(看云南)见Yunnan (town)


    Yadigar (Yadiyar)[人]雅迪格尔汗,475,489


    Yaghma[族]样磨,572注


    Yahbaha, Mar[人]马·雅巴拉哈三世,见Mar Yahbaha III


    Yahya[人]牙黑牙,431,432,433


    Yaik[地]扎牙黑河(乌拉尔河),见Ural (river)


    Yaishan[地]厓厓山,288


    Ya-ku (James; name)[人]雅各,301


    Yakut[人]雅库特,xxv,544注


    Yvach, Mahmud[人]马合谋·牙剌洼赤,见Mahmud Yvach


    Yvach, Mas''ud[人]麻速忽·雅剌洼赤,见Mas''ud Yvach


    Yamishevsk (Peschanaia)[地]雅米谢威斯克,523,532


    Yang Chien[人]杨坚,88


    Yangchow (Ianzu; Yangiu)[地]扬州,122,139,302,308,310,316,323


    Yangi[地]养吉,见Ts (town)


    Yangi-Hissar[地]英吉沙尔城,495


    Yangiu[地]扬州,见Yangchow


    Yang-shao-ts''un[地]仰韶村,4


    Yang-ti[人]隋炀帝,89-90,98,99


    Yangtze (Kian; Quian)[地]长江,57,137,138,139,259,283,284,287,293,302,304,309,310,323,516


    Yang Ye[人]杨业,131


    Yao Ch''ang[人]姚苌,59


    Yao Chu[人]姚枢,283


    Yao-shu-mu (Yoshmut)[人]尤斯姆,593注


    Ya''qub[人]雅库伯,452


    Yarkand (Soche; Yarcan)[地]叶儿羌(莎车)(鸭儿看),xxii,37,40,41,43,45,48,52,95,96,101,306,426,460,485,491,494,495,497,498,500,501,527,528,532,540,541,542


    Yarligh (jarliq; imperial edict)[专]札儿里黑(敕令),282,597注


    Yar Muhammad[人]雅尔·穆罕默德,486


    Yarov (of Kiev)[人](基辅的)雅罗斯拉夫,182


    Yarov (of Sternberg)[人]雅罗斯拉夫,266


    Yarov (of dimir)[人]雅罗斯拉夫(弗拉基米尔的),269,395,615注


    Yarovl[人]雅罗斯拉夫,265


    Yarovskaya[地]雅罗斯拉夫斯卡雅,73


    Y?r-su[专]天地之精灵,见Yer-sub


    Yasaq (jasa; jasaq; yasa;w code)[专]札撒(法典),221,230-231,252,256,275,312,328,416,418,586注


    Yasd[地]耶斯特,见Yezd


    Yasodharman[人]亚琐德哈尔曼,71


    Yassawur[人]牙撒吾儿,340,386


    Yassy[地]亚色,423


    Yasun (subn)[专]牙孙(小氏族),193


    Yasy[地]雅西城(突厥斯坦城),见Turkestan (town)


    Yavana (Ionians)[地](希腊人称呼)大宛,554注


    Yazi[地]雅吉,423


    Ye[地]邺城,58,59,60;参见Changteh


    Yedigei[人]亦敌忽,见Idiqu


    Yehangir[人]叶汗吉尔,526


    Ye-hsien, Ye-hsien Taichi[人]也先台吉,见Esen (Esen-taiji)


    Yelets[地]耶列兹城,441,471


    Ye-li-k''o-wen (priests)[专]也里可温,300,602注


    Yellow River (Caramoran; Kara Muren)[地]黄河,xxvi,27,35,55,60,61,132,133,136,138,176,226,232,233,257,258,283,308,510,604注


    Yelmish[人]叶儿迷失,301


    Ye-lü A-pao-ki[人]耶律阿保机,见A-pao-ki


    Ye-lü Chih-lu-ku[人]耶律直鲁古,166,233,234,235


    Ye-lü Ch''u-ts''ai[人]耶律楚材</a>,231-232,250,251,256-257,258,268,593注


    Ye-lü Hiou-ko[人]耶律休哥,131-132


    Ye-lü Hsien[人]耶律贤,131


    Ye-lü King[人]耶律璟,130


    Ye-lü Lü-ko[人]耶律留哥,228,250


    Ye-lü Lung-sü[人]耶律隆绪,131,132


    Ye-lü Shih (Pu-su-wan)[人]耶律诗(普速完),166,167


    Ye-lü Ta-shih[人]耶律大石,164,165,166,574注


    Ye-lü T?-kuang[人]耶律德光,见T?-kuang


    Ye-lü Yen-hsi[人]耶律延禧,136


    Ye-lü Yi-lie[人]耶律夷列,166


    Ye-lü Yüan[人]耶律阮,130


    Yen, Hou-[朝]后燕,见Hou-Yen


    Yen, Hsi-[朝]西燕,见Hsi-Yen


    Yen, Nan-[朝]南燕,见Nan-Yen


    Yen, Pei-[朝]北燕,见Pei-Yen


    Yen, Ts''ien-[朝]前燕,见Ts''ien-Yen


    Yenching, Yenchow[地]燕京,燕州(今北京),见Peking


    Yenisei (people)[族]叶尼塞人,515


    Yenisei (river)[地]叶尼塞河,xxiv,3,40,66,109,113,124,125,148,166,191,205,216,286,503,508,515,521,532


    Yenki[地]焉耆(喀拉沙尔),见Kara Shahr


    Yen-lo[人]奄罗,88


    Yenmen[地]雁门,34,57,90


    Yen-ta[人]俺答(阿勒坦汗),见Altan-khan


    Yer-sub (y?r-su; genies)[专]天地之精灵,86


    Yesen Temür[人]也先帖木儿,见Esen Temür


    Yesug?n[人]也速根,208


    Yesugei[人]也速该,192,198,199,203,578注


    Yesui[人]也速亦,208,248


    Yesun Temür[人]也孙铁穆耳,299,314,317,318,321


    Yesut[族]叶苏特部,207


    Ye-tai[族]莚哒人,见Ephthalites


    “Ye-tai-i-li-t''o”[人]叶太伊里窦,68


    Yezd (Yasd)[地]耶斯特,305,309,315,390,431,432,433


    Yezdegerd II[人]耶斯特二世,68


    Yezdegerd III[人]叶斯德苟特三世,116


    Yi-che-shih[人]伊稚斜单于,35


    Yichow[地]易州,132,570注


    Yi-jan[人]伊然可汗,113


    Yingchang (Kailu)[地]应昌(开鲁),325,502


    Yingpan[地]营盘,42


    Ying-tsung[人](明)英宗皇帝,507


    Yi-sho (Isho; Jesus; name)[人]伊索,301


    Yissu-Mangu[人]也速蒙哥,271,274,329


    Yissu-Temür[人]玉昔帖木儿,293


    Yi-sun[地]伊循,37


    Yi-tsi-nai[地](哈拉霍托)亦集乃,见Karakhoto


    Yitu[地]益都(青州),见Tsingchow


    Yiwu (Hami or Lob Nor?)[地]伊吾(哈密),42,47,48


    Yo Fei[人]岳飞</a>,138


    Yo-nan (John; name)[人]约南,301


    Yotkan[地]约特干(于阗),见Khotan


    Yüan[朝]元朝,xxx,288-321,323-325,327,339,367,396,502,503,513,519;参见Kui


    Yüan-ch''uan[地]苑川(兰州),见Lanchow


    Yüan Shih[书]《元史》,198,205,206,208,212,213,214,215,229,231,588注


    Yüchow[地]禹州(看钧州),见Kunchow


    Yu-ch''u-kien[人]於除鞬,46


    Yüeh-chih[族]月氏人(看贵霜),27-32,34,35,40,45,46,49,68,69,551注;参见Kushans


    Yulduz[地]裕勒都斯,xxiii,46,67,80,83,84,93,173,338,413,419,422,424,425,460,461,463,493,495,497,498,506,539


    Yülin (Fungchow)[地]榆林,25,107,511


    Yümen[地]玉门,35


    Yümen Kuan[地]玉门关,41


    Yüncheng[地]郓城,301


    Yünchow[地]云州(大同),见Tatung


    Yunchung[地]云中,106


    Yung-cheng[人]雍正</a>皇帝,518,536,537


    Yung-li (Yung-ming)[人]永历(永明),518


    Yung Lo[人]永乐皇帝,453,456,459,503,504,505


    Yung-ming[人]永明(永历),见Yung-li


    Yungping[地]永平,108,127,230,517,557注


    Yunkang[地]云岗,64


    Yunnan (Caragian; Caraian; Nanchow; Tali; kingdom)[朝]云南国,283-284,307-308,518,598注


    Yunnan (Iaci; Yachy; town)[地]云南,307


    Yunnanfu[地]云南府(善阐),见Shanshan


    Yunus[人]羽奴思,461,463,480,481,492,493-494,494-495,497,498,507


    Yüqunan[人]玉忽南,583注


    Yür?k[人]玉剌克,301


    Yuriel[地]尤利城,407,436


    Yurii (of Ryazan)[人](里亚赞的)尤里,265


    Yurii (of dimir)[人](弗拉基米尔)尤里,247


    Yurii II (of Suzdalia)[人](苏兹达里亚大公)尤里,265


    Yuri Konchakovich[人]尤里·科思察科维奇,591注


    Yurt (grazingnd)[专]禹儿惕(牧地),221-222,253


    Yusuf[人]玉素甫,541


    Yusuf Khass Hajjib, Qudatqu bilig[人](霍吉勃)玉素甫·喀什《福乐智慧》,148


    Yusuf Sufi[人]玉素甫·苏菲,421


    Yuyü[地]右玉(朔平),见Shoping


    Zabdat at-Tavarikh[书]《史记实录》,499


    Zabergan (Zamergan)[人]扎伯干,79


    Zafer-name[书]《武功记》,342,343,345,410,411,413,414,415,418,423,424,427,430,431,433,435-444各处,448,449,451


    Zagan[人]察甘,见Chagan


    Zagros[地]扎格罗斯山,169


    Zahidan[地]扎希丹(沙尔-奥塔尔),见Sar-Otar


    Zain al- ''Abidin[人]赞·阿比丁,431,432


    Zaisan, Lake[地]斋桑湖,190,215,523,525,527,532,533


    Zamergan[人]扎伯干,见Zabergan


    Zaranj[地]扎兰季,428


    Zaya Pandita[人]扎雅班第达,520


    Zayton[地]刺桐(泉州),见Chüanchow


    Zemarchos[人]蔡马库斯,84


    Zenjan[地]赞詹,240,245,391


    Zerin[地]泽林,364


    Ziebil[人]札比尔可汗,179


    Ziyad ibn-Salih[人]齐雅德·伊本·萨里,119-120


    Znamenka[地]兹纳缅卡,18


    Zodan[人]佐登,175


    Zoroastrianism[宗]琐罗亚斯特教,7


    Zubov[地]祖波夫,16


    Zurulum (Corlu)[地]祖鲁姆(乔尔卢),174,184
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