令状精选
3个月前 作者： 梅特兰
从土地相关令状开始
Praecipe in Capite
直属封臣权利令状
Rex vicite salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dtione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod mat esse jus et haereditatem suam et tenere de nobis in capite et unde queritur quod praedictus X ei injuste deforciat ut dicit．Et nisi fecerit, et praedicuts A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo,tunc summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonastrium (1) (tali die) ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (2)
The King to the sheriff greeting. Command X that justly and withoutdy he render to A one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he ims to be his right and inheritance, and to hold of us in chief and whereof heins that the aforesaid X unjustly deforceth (3) him．And unless he will do this, and（if）the aforesaid A shall give you security to prosecute his im, then summon by good summoners the aforesd (4) X that he be before our justices at Westminster ［on such a day］ to show wherefore he hath not done it．And have there the summoners and this writ.
国王向郡长致意。兹命令X即刻公正且不迟延地将其声称享有权利并继承的在特龙平顿的住宅及其附属建筑交还A，A以朕的直属封臣的身份保有此等地产并据此控告X非法驱逐了他。除非X交还原物，否则，在原告A为执行自己的请求对你提供了担保的情况下，特派能干之送达吏告知上述X必须在（在某某日）于威斯敏斯特出庭说明他拒绝执行的原因。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 即在民事诉讼高等法院。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第51页。菲茨赫伯特的《令状选编》出版于1534年。当引用F.N.B.而没有注明日期时，一般都指1533年的版本。这里所加的译文摘自1794年英文版本，目的是为了帮助学生理解，而此版本仍保留了1533年版本的页码标注。
(3) 即现代英语中的deforced。——译者注
(4) 此处的aforesd 为aforesaid的缩写。——译者注
Breve de recto
权利令状
Rex K（a bishop, baron or other lord of manor）salutem．Praecipimus tibi quod sine dtione plenum rectum teneas A de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod mat tenere de te per liberum servitium（unius denarii per annum）pro omni servitio, et quod X ei deforciat．Et nisi feceris, vices de Cantabrigia faciat, ne amplius inde morem audiamus pro defectu recti. (1)
The King to K greeting．Wemand you that without dy you do full right to A of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he ims to hold of you by free service of ［so much］per annum for all service, of which X deforceth him．And unless you will do this, let the sheriff of Cambridge do it that we may hear no more mour thereupon for want of right.
国王向K（主教、男爵或其他封建主）致意。朕命令你即刻授予A对位于特龙平顿的一所住宅及其附属物的完全权利，A主张通过自由役务（以每年交纳什一税的方式）从你处获得对该地产的占有，但后来X驱逐了他。如果你不服从命令，那么剑桥郡的郡长将会执行此命令，以便朕因此不会再听到由于丧失权利而发出的怨诉。
————————————————————
(1) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第328页第1论题；菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第1页G部分。
Assisa Novae Disseisinae
恢复新近被占土地之令状
Rex viciti salutem．Questus est nobis A quod X injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eum de libero tenemento suo in Trumpingtone post ultimum reditum domini regis de Brittannia in Angliam（or other period of limitation）．Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod, si praedictus A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo, tunc facias tenementum illud reseisiri de catallis quae in ipso capta fuerint et ipsum tenementum cum catallis esse in pace usque ad primam assisam cum justiciarii nostri ad partes is venerint．Et interim facias xii liberos et legales homines de vio illo videre tenementum illud et nomina illorum imbreviari．Et summoneas eos per bonos summonitores quod sint ad primam assisam coram prefatis justiciariis nostris, parati inde facere recognitionem．Et pone per vadium et salvos plegios praedictum X vel ballivum suum, si ipse inventus non fuerit, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus recognitionem im．Et habeas ibi summonitorum nomina, plegios et hoc breve. (1)
The King to the sheriff greeting．A hathined unto us that X unjustly and without judgment hath disseised him of his freehold in Trumpington after ［thest return of our lord the king from Brittany into Ennd］．And therefore wemand you that, if the aforesd A shall make you secure to prosecute his im, then cause that tenement to be reseised and (2) the chattels which were taken in it and the same tenement with the chattels to be in peace until the first assize when our justices shalle into those parts．And in the mean time you shall cause twelve free andwful men of that venue to view that tenement and their names to be put into the writ．And summon them by good summoners that they be before the justices aforesd at the assize aforesd , ready to make recognizance thereupon．And put by gages and safe pledges the aforesd X or, if he shall not be found, his bailiff, that he be then there to hear that recognizance．And have there the（names of the）summoners, the pledges, and this writ. (3)
国王向郡长致意。A已向朕起诉X在（朕最后一次从布列塔尼回到英格兰）之后非法且未经审判地占有了本该属于他的在特龙平顿自由保有的土地。因此朕命令你，如果原告A为执行自己的诉讼请求对你提供担保，你要让他重新占有保有产以及附属其上的动产，并使同一保有产连同动产在朕的法官第一次巡回审判中接手它们前处于和平状态。同时你应召集审判地附近12名自由守法的臣民来现场勘验此保有产，并在令状上签名。随后派能干的送达吏召集他们参加原告A的巡回审判，并准备具结作保。且通过质押担保保证被告X，或者如果他未被抓获，他的百户长届时会到场听取上述查证。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第179页第1论题；菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第69页，这里的说法已经渐渐有所不同。
(2) 此处脱漏了“of”。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第177页E部分。
Assisa de Morte Antecessoris
收回被占继承土地之令状
Rex viciti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo tunc summoneas per bonos summonitores xii liberos et legales homines de vio de Trumpingtone quod sint coram (1) justiciariis nostris ad primam assisam cum in partes is venerint, parati sacramento recognoscere si B pater,（mater, frater, soror, avunculus, amita） (2) praedicti A fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone die quo obiit, et si obiit post ［period of limitation］, et si idem A ejus haeres propinquior sit．Et interim praedictum mesuagium videant et nomina eorum inbreviari facias．Et summone per bonos summonitores X qui mesuagium praedictum t quod tunc sit ibi auditurus im recognitionem．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (3)
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．twelve free andwful men of the neighbourhood of Trumpington that they be before our justices at the first assize when they shalle into those parts, ready to recognise by oath if B father ［mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt,］ of the aforesd A was seised in his demesne as of fee, of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington the day whereon he died, and if he died after ［the period of limitation］ and if the same A be his next heir: and in the mean time let them view the sd (4) messuage, and cause their names to be put in the writ, and summon by good summoners X who now holds the aforesd messuage, that he may be there to hear that recognizance; and have there the summoners and this writ. (5)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，则到时就应召集12个邻近特龙平顿的自由守法臣民，让他们在朕的法官着手处理这些问题时参加审判并宣誓查证，是否A的父亲（母亲、兄弟、妹妹、叔叔、叔婶）B在死亡之日已完全保有其在特龙平顿的住宅及其附属物；他是否在起诉期间已死亡；是否上述A是他的较近顺位的继承人；同时让这些合法臣民现场勘验前述住宅，并在令状中记下他们的名字，并由能干的送达吏传唤此刻占有此等住宅的X，他可以到场听取上述查证。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 可能是“在威斯敏斯特”或在朕挑选的诚实可靠的人（特殊的司法长官）面前。
(2) 就这些“转手”而言，由威廉·罗利引入的收回被占祖父地产令、收回被占曾祖父地产令和收回被占之表兄弟姐妹令等身份令状得以使用。至于这几种诉讼形式，请参见菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第220、221页。
(3) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第253页第2论题。
(4) 此处的sd 是said的缩写。——译者注
(5) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第195页E部分。
Brevia de Ingressu
进占令状
Rex viciti salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dtione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod mat esse jus et haereditatem suam et in quod praedictus X non habuit ingressum nisi—
a．per W qui illud ei dimisit qui inde injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eundem A ［or B patrem ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est］ post ［time of limitation］．
b．per W cui V illud dimisit qui inde injuste etc., as above.
c．post disseisinam quam T inde injuste et sine judicio fecit B patri ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est post ［time of limitation］ et unde queritur．
d．per K quondam virum ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cuiipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
e．per W cui K quondam vir ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
f．post dimissionem quam K quondam vir ipsius A, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, inde fecit T ut dicit et unde queritur．
g．per W cui praedictus A illus dimisit dum non fuitpos mentis．
h．per W cui praedictus A illud dimisit dum fuit infra aetatem．
i．per W cui B pater praedicti A cujus haeres ipse est illud dimisit ad terminum qui praeterut．
Et nisi fecerit summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium tali die ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi nomina summonitorum et hoc breve．
国王向郡长致意。兹命令X即刻公正且不迟延地将A声称自己享有权利并继承的，而前述的X并无进占权的位于特龙平顿的住宅及其附属建筑交还A，除非——
1．是W将此等房屋及其附属建筑出租给他的，而W是在非法且未经审判的情况下在起诉期间从A（或者是从继承人A的父亲B那里）强占了它们。
2．V将此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给了W，后来X通过W得到了他们，但是V是在非法且……其余同上。
3．T非法地且在未经审判的情况下对继承人A的父亲B进行了强占，随后B提起了指控。
4．他是通过A的亡夫K得到争议地产的，K曾把此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给他，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对。
5．他是通过W得到争议地产的，A的亡夫K曾把此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给W，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对。
6．A的亡夫K将该住宅及其附属建筑转让给了T，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对，但此后A就此提起控告。
7．他是通过W得到争议地产的，A声明自己是在神志不清的情况下将住宅及其附属建筑交给W的。
8.他是通过W得到争议地产的，A声明自己是在未成年的情况下将住宅及其附属建筑交给W的。
9.他是通过W得到争议地产的，A的父亲B，A是他的继承人，声明是将已过了租期的住宅和附属建筑交给了W。
除非他照令执行，否则应通过能干的送达吏传唤被告，使其于公告之日在威斯敏斯特出庭说明拒绝执行的原因。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。 (1)
————————————————————
(1) 上面给出的进占令状只是一个几乎可以涵盖任一可以想见的土地保有人权利瑕疵的令状集合体中的一小部分。在菲茨赫伯特所记载的令状中，主要有：
（1）基于强占的令状，有时也称作“关于……的”进占令；此时的权利瑕疵就是强占（上述 1、2、3例当然都属于这种情况）；
（2）既定情况下或相似情况下（前述53页已对此作出解释）回复土地占有令状，此时的权利瑕疵是一个享有终身或限定继承地产权的妇女或享有鳏夫地产权的人所为的越权转让；
（3）收回被侵占土地的令状，以丈夫的转让为前提（上例4、5、6）；
（4）收回离婚</a>前转让之地产令，婚姻关系已经解除时亦同（此令状具有不可思议的现代意义）；
（5）回复违反真意转让之地产令状（上例7）；
（6）恢复幼年转让之地产令状（上例8），以一个白痴或未成年人各自所为的转让为基础；
（7）租期届满回复土地占有令（上例9），此时的瑕疵是超出租期的占有；
（8）回复被侵占之终身保有地产令，此时的瑕疵与收回被占继承土地令状所涉的非法行为类似；
（9）回复未经牧师会</a>同意转让之地产令，此时的瑕疵是修道院院长在未经牧师会同意的情况下所为的转让。
上述每一个令状都可以采用一定次数内“转手”的“per”（比如例1）、“per and cui”（比如例2）以及超出 “转手”次数的转让而由《马尔伯勒法》所规定的“post”形式（上述令状中的例3）。梅特兰教授在此删掉了几个例子中一些字词以使其简明易懂。
Quare ejecit infra terminum
租期内逐出承租人之令状
Rex viciti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo tunc summoneas etc．X quod sit coram justiciariis etc．ostensurus quare deforciat praefato A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone, quod M ei dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeteriit, infra quem terminum idem M praefato X illud mesuagium vendidit asione cujus venditionis idem X praefatum A de mesuagio praedicto ejecit ut dicit．Et habeas ibi etc. (1)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，那么就应传唤X参加审判，并向前述之A证明他为何要扣留位于特龙平顿的一所房屋及其附属建筑，而此房屋和附属建筑是M附期限出租给A的，在租期尚未届满期间，上述M又将其出售给前述的X，基于M的出售，上述X像A所说的那样，将他从上述住房中驱逐出去。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第198页B部分。
Trespass quare usum fregit
侵入他人圈地之令状
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit etc．tunc pone per vadium et salvos plegios X quod sit etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis usum ipsius A apud X Trumpingtone fregit ［et da sua ibidem crescentia falcavit etc．etc.］ et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. (1)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，那么应通过出庭保证人保证X出庭。说明他为何要用暴力和武器侵入上述A位于特龙平顿的圈地（并收割了A在此地正在生长的庄稼，等等），外加其它给A造成重大损失并违反朕的安宁的行为。朕命你暂收此保证物、执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 此一令状和下一令状的编排并没有顾及他们出现的时间次序，主要是为了想把有关土地的令状列为一组。
De ejectione firmae
逐出租地之令状
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit te securum etc．tunc pone etc．X quod sit coram etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis unum mesuagium apud Trumpingtone, quod M praefato A dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeterint, intravit et ipsum a firma sua praedicta ejecit et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi etc．
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．X that he be before our justices at Westminster on（such a day） (1) to show wherefore with force and arms he entered into one messuage in Trumpington which M demised to the said A for a term which is not yet passed and ejected him, the said A, from his farm aforesaid: and other enormous things did, to the great damage of him the said A and against our peace: and have there the names of the pledges and this writ.
国王向郡长致意。如果A向你提出担保，那么要让X出庭受审。说明他为何要使用暴力和武器侵入M有期出租给前述A且尚未到期的位于特龙平顿的住宅，并将他从其前述的宅地驱逐出来，外加其它给A造成重大损失并违反朕的安宁的行为。朕命你暂收此保证物、执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 这是针对在民事诉讼高等法院开始的诉讼，但如果诉讼是在王座法院进行，将会写成“让他于朕待在英格兰时（某一日）出庭”［that he be before us on（such a day）wheresoever we shall then be in Ennd］。
De Libertate Probanda
自由人身份证明令
Rex vic．sal．Monstravit nobis A quod cum ipse liber homo sit et paratus libertatem suam probare, X mans eum nativum suum vexat eum injuste．Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod si praedictus A fecerit te securum de libertate sua probanda, tunc ponas loqum im coram justiciariis nostris ad primam assisam cum in partes is venerint quia hujusmodi probatio non pert ad te capienda．Et interim idem A pacem inde habere facias．Et dic praedicto X quod sit ibi loqum suam versus praedictum A inde perfecturus si voluerit．Et habeas ibi hoc breve． (1)
The King to the sheriff greeting．A hath showed unto us that whereas he is a free man and ready to prove his liberty, X iming him to be his nief (2) unjustly vexes him; and therefore wemand you, that if the aforesd A shall make you secure touching the proving of his liberty, then put that plea before our justices at the first assizes, when they shalle into those parts, because proof of this kind belongeth (3) not to you to take; and in the mean time cause the sd A to have peace thereupon, and tell the aforesd X that he may be there, if he will, to prosecute his plea thereof against the aforesd A．And have there this writ．
国王向郡长致意。A已向朕表示，由于他是一个自由人，他打算证明自己的自由权，无理声称A是他的家奴的X激怒了A；因此朕命令你，如果前述的A就证明其自由权向你提供了担保，然后将其请求提交朕的第一轮巡回审判以进行审理，这时他们应参加审判，因为这种证明责任并不是由你来承担，其间你要让前述的A保有和平，并告诉前述的X，如果他愿意，他可以出庭应辩A的控告。朕命你执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第77页E部分。
(2) Nief即nativus，等于viin。
(3) 即现代英语中的belonged。——译者注
Debt, Detinue and ount
债务令状、非法留置动产令状、交出账簿令状
Rex vic．sal．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dtione reddat A:
（Breve de Debito） (1) centum libras quas ei debet et injuste det.
（Breve de Catallis reddendis） (2) cata ad valentiam centum librarum quae ei injuste det.
（Breve de Compoto） (3) rationabilepotum suum de tem-pore quo fuit ballivus suus in Trumpingtone et receptorum de-nariorum ipsius A ut dicit．Et nisi fecerit et praedictus A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo, tunc summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium ［tali die］ ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (4)
国王向郡长致意。命令X即刻公正地交还A：
（债务令状）他拖欠A的并且非法保有不还的100英镑。
（返还动产令状）他非法保有的价值100英镑的A的动产。
（交出账簿令状）所说的X成为A在特龙平顿领地的执行管家时起为A收受金钱时</a>所记的合理账簿。如果他未这样做，且前述的A就执行自己的诉讼请求提供了担保，则通过能干的送达吏传唤X必须在威斯敏斯特（在某某日）出庭并说明他拒绝执行的原因。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第119页L部分。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第40页。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第117页E部分。
(4) 注意这些令状与指示交付令状的术语是相同的，除了陈述</a>被告要返还给原告东西的措辞不同外。
Covenant
契约令状
Rex vic．sal．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dtione teneat A conventionem factam inter ipsum A et ［S patrem praedicti］ X ［cujus haeres ipse est,］ de ［uno messuagio］ et nisi fecerit &c．tunc summone &c. (1)
国王向郡长致意。兹命令X公正且不迟延履行A及（前述的父亲S）与X（他是其继承人）之间就（一所房屋）订立的协议。如果他不履约，则传唤他出庭。
————————————————————
(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第66页，结尾和债务令状相同。
Trespass vi et armis
暴力侵害令状
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit te securum de more suo prosequendo tunc pone per vadium et salvos plegios X quod sit coram justiciariis nostris (1) &c．tali die ostensurus:
（assault and battery）quare vi et armis in ipsum A apud Trumpingtone insultum fecit et ipsum verberavit vulneravit et male tractavit, ita quod de vita ejus desperabatur.
（false imprisonment）quare vi et armis in ipsum A apud Trumpingtone insultum fecit et ipsum vulneravit imprisonavit et male tractavit.
（trespass tond）quare vi et armis usum ipsius A apud Trumpingtone fregit.
（trespass to chattels）quare vi et armispidem mrem (2) ［a mill stone］ ipsius A precii xl．s．apud Trumpingtone fregit et bona et cata sua precii tanti cepit et asportavit.
（ejectment）quare vi et armis unum mesuagium apud Trumpingtone quod M praefato A dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeterut intravit et ipsum A a firma sua praedicta ejecit et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. (3)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供了担保，那么通过出庭保证人保证X将出庭并在某某日说明：
（企图伤害和殴击令状）他为何使用暴力和武器对位于特龙平顿的A实施侮辱、殴打和虐待，以致A对自己的生命感到绝望。
（非法拘禁令状）他为何使用暴力和武器对位于特龙平顿的A实施侮辱、殴打和虐待。
（侵入土地令状）他为何使用暴力和武器侵入A位于特龙平顿的圈地。
（侵犯动产令状）他为何使用暴力和武器捣碎A位于特龙平顿的磨盘，价值10镑，并抢夺和拿走了他的动产以及具有相当价值的财产。
（驱逐令状）他为何使用暴力和武器侵入M附期限出租给前述A且租期未满的位于特龙平顿的房屋，并将A本人从前述宅地里驱逐出来，外加其它给A造成重大损失并违反朕的安宁的行为。朕命你暂收此保证物、执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 或者是“于某日在朕的面前接受审判而无论朕在英国的任何地方”，如果此令状是由王座法院签发的。
(2) 磨盘。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第85至88页。与我们所给的节选自菲茨赫伯特的《令状选编》（1794年版本）逐出租地之诉的译文相同。几个侵害行为可以在同一令状里进行起诉。
Trespass on the Case or Case
间接侵害令状
Rex vic．sal．&c．as in Trespass ostensurus:
quare (1) ［here set out the matterined of e.g.: —］ in aqua de Plim, per quam inter Humber et Gaunt navium et batellorummunis est transitus, ex transverso aquae pilos defixit, per quod quaedam navis cum triginta quarteriis brasii ipsius A submersa fuit, et viginti quarteria brasii precii centum s．de-perierunt．Et alia enormia &c．as in Trespass．
The King to the sheriff &c．as in Trespass to show:
wherefore（e.g.: —）he fixed piles across the water of Plim along which, between the Humber and Gaunt, there is amon passage for ships and boats, whereby a certain ship, with thirty quarters of malt of him the sd A, was sunk under water, and twenty quarters of the malt of the price of one hundred shillings perished; and other wrongs &c．as in trespass．
国王向郡长致意。他要像在侵害之诉中一样说明：
为何（在这里陈列起诉事由，比如……）他跨过Plim河设置管道，而沿着此河，在Humber和Gaunt之间有一个供大小船只通行的公共通道，当载有上述A的30夸脱麦芽的大船通过此通道时不幸沉没，损失了20夸脱价值100先令的麦芽。外加其他具有侵害性质的不法行为。
————————————————————
(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第92页F部分。
Trespass on the Case in Assumpsit
简约令状
Rex vic．sal．&c．as in Trespass ostensurus:
quare (1) ［e.g.: for misfeasance］ cum idem X ad dextrum oculum ipsius A casualiteresum bene etpetenter curandum apud Trumpingtone pro quadam pecuniae summa prae manibus soluta assumpsisset, idem X curam suam circa oculum praedictum tam negligenter et improvide apposuit, quod idem A defectu ipsius X visum oculi praedicti totaliter amisit, ad damnum ipsius A viginti librarum ut dicit．Et habeas ibi &c．
quare (2) ［e.g.: for non-feasance］ cum idem X tres currus pro victualibus ipsius A ad partes transmarinas ducendis pro certa pecuniae summa prae manibus soluta infra certum terminum inter eos concordatum facere et fabricare apud Trumpingtone assumpsisset, idem X currus praedictos infra terminum praedictum facere et fabricare non curavit per quod A diversa bona et cata sua ad valentiam centum marcarum, quae in curribus praedictus duci debuissent, pro defectu curruum praedictorum totaliter amisit ad grave damnum ipsius A ut dicit et habeas &c．
The King to the sheriff greeting &c．as in Trespass to show:
wherefore whereas he the sd X undertook well andpetently to cure the right eye of the sd A, which was identally injured, for a certain sum of money beforehand received, he the same X so negligently and carelessly applied his cure to the said eye, that the said A by the fault of him the said X totally lost the sight of the said eye, to the damage of him the said A of twenty pounds, as he saith (3) , and have there &c.
wherefore whereas he the said X undertook to make and build three carriages for conveying victuals of him the said A to parts beyond the sea for a certain sum of money beforehand received, within a certain term between them agreed; he the said X did not take care to make and build the carriages aforesaid within the term aforesaid, by which he the sd A hath wholly lost divers his goods and chattels, to the value of one hundred marks, which ought to have been conveyed in the carriages aforesaid, for want thereof to the great damage of him the said A as it is said: and have there &c.
国王向郡长致意。他要像在侵害之诉中一样说明：
由于（例如，违法行为）上述X信誓旦旦且有根有据地承诺在特龙平顿治疗上述A因为意外受伤的右眼，并事先收受了一笔金钱，但上述X疏忽大意且漫不经心地对A的右眼施治，上述A由于X的过错完全丧失了其右眼的视力，A自己声称的损失是20镑。朕命你执行此令。
由于（例如，不作为）上述X承诺在特龙平顿建造三辆马车将A的粮食在二人商议的日期内运往海滨地区，并事先收受了一笔金钱；上述X由于疏忽没有在商定日期内建造好三辆马车，由此，上述A完全丧失了其货物和动产，价值100马尔克，而这些货物和动产本应由上述马车运到目的地，因此给上述A造成了他声称的巨大损害。朕命你执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 布莱克斯通：《英国法释义》第3卷第122页脚注。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第94页A部分。
(3) 即现代英语中的said。——译者注
Case on Indebitatus Assumpsit
债务人承诺的简约令状
The king to the sheriff &c．as in Trespass to shew (1) ：
for that, whereas the sd X herefore, to wit（date and ce）was indebted to the sd A in the sum of — for divers goods wares and merchandises by the sd A before that time sold and delivered to the sd X at his special instance and request.
And being so indebted, he the sd X in consideration thereof afterwards to wit（date and ce aforesd ）undertook and faithfully promised the sd sum of money when he the sd X should be thereto afterwards requested.
Yet the sd X, not regarding his said promise and undertaking but contriving and fraudulently intending craftily and subtilly to deceive and defraud the sd A in his behalf, hath not yet paid the sd sum of money or any part thereof to thesd A（although oftentimes afterwards requested）．But the sd X to pay the same or any part thereof hath hitherto wholly refused and still refuses, to the damage of the sd A of — pounds as it is said．And have you there & c． (2)
国王向郡长致意。他要像在侵害之诉中一样说明：
由于上述X按照目击证人（作证的日期和地点）所讲，对上述A负债若干，原因是上述A在那时前已出售并交付上述X一些货物和商品，这是按上述X的特殊建议和要求实施的。
由于此等负债，作为对价，上述X随后在证人在场的情况下（作证的日期和地点）对A承诺并诚信地允诺当他尔后接到请求后将付给他上述数目的金钱。
但是上述X，为了自己的利益不顾自己的上述允诺和承诺，却算尽心机地、诈欺地、狡猾地和阴险地打算欺骗并诈欺上述A，并未付给上述A商定的全部或部分价款（尽管随后A多次请求）。但是本应全部或部分支付的被告X此后完全拒绝付款以及上述A声称的损失若干镑，现在仍为此等拒绝。朕命你执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 即现代英语中的show。——译者注
(2) 斯蒂芬：《诉状选编》（1824年版），第17页。
Case for Trover
非法占有动产之令状
The king to the sheriff greeting &c．as in Trespass to shew:
for that, whereas the sd A heretofore to wit ［date and ce］ waswfully possessed as of his own property, of certain goods and chattels to wit, twenty tables and twenty chairs of great value to wit of the value of—pounds ofwful money of great Britain:
and, being so possessed thereof he the sd A afterwards to wit（date and ce aforesd ）casually lost the sd goods and chattels out of his possession:
and the same afterward to（date and ce aforesd ）came into the possession of the sd X by finding;
Yet the sd X well knowing the sd goods and chattels to be the property of the sd A in this behalf, hath not as yet delivered the sd goods and chattels, or any part thereof, to the sd A（although often requested so to do）but so to do hath hitherto wholly refused and still refuses; and afterwards to wit（date and ce afores ）converted and disposed of the sd goods and chattels to his the sd X''s own use, to the damage of the sd A of — pounds as it is said; and have you there &c． (1)
国王向郡长致意。他要像在侵害之诉中一样说明：
凭此，按照目击证人所言（作证的日期和地点），上述A此前作为自己的财产合法占有一些货物和动产，如证人看到的，有20张桌子和20张价值不菲的椅子，证人确认它们的价值等于大不列颠的法定货币英镑若干。
而在对此等物品的此等占有状态中，按照目击证人所讲（作证的日期和地点），A不经意间丧失了置于其占有下的上述货物和动产。
后来按照目击证人所言（作证的日期和地点），经调查它们已为上述X占有。
而上述X非常清楚上述货物和动产属于A所有，当然应属于并归于A，但X算尽心机地、诈欺地、狡猾地和阴险地打算欺骗并诈欺上述A，并未交付上述货物和动产的全部或部分给A（尽管随后A多次请求），但X完全拒绝这样做，现在仍为此等拒绝；而后根据目击证人所言（作证的日期和地点），X为了自己的用益，非法挪用和处分了这些货物和动产。
上述A的损失如他声称的，是若干镑。朕命你执行此令，特谕。
————————————————————
(1) 斯蒂芬：《诉状选编》（1824年版），第19页。
